Author
Herbert P. Sarett
Bio: Herbert P. Sarett is an academic researcher from Duke University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Cholestyramine & Riboflavin. The author has an hindex of 19, co-authored 46 publications receiving 1022 citations.
Topics: Cholestyramine, Riboflavin, Pyridoxine, Nicotinamide, Pantothenic acid
Papers
More filters
TL;DR: A medium-chain triglyceride mixture (MCT) has recently become available, providing a special source of fat, containing triglycerides of octanoic and decanoic acids, C 8 and C 10 fatty acids, respectively, which may be useful in the nutritional management of subjects with impaired fat digestion or absorption.
Abstract: A medium-chain triglyceride mixture (MCT) has recently become available, providing a special source of fat, containing triglycerides of octanoic and decanoic acids, C 8 and C 10 fatty acids, respectively. These triglycerides are digested and absorbed differently from the long-chain triglycerides which comprise most dietary fats. Thus MCT may be useful in the nutritional management of subjects with impaired fat digestion or absorption. The medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA), octanoic and decanoic acid, are present in small concentrations in the milk of different animal species and comprise about 15% of the fatty acids of coconut oil, the commercial source of MCT. In preparation, coconut oil is hydrolyzed, the fatty acids are fractionally distilled to isolate the octanoic and decanoic acid fraction, and this is esterified with glycerol. The resulting oil contains approximately 75% of the fatty acids as octanoic and 25% as decanoic acid, and is more readily miscible with water
135 citations
TL;DR: Oral administration of cysteine or acetylcysteine to rats or dogs produced little change in blood or tissue sulfhydryl levels, and only a small increase in urinary sulfHydryl compounds.
86 citations
TL;DR: The present experiments were designed to study niacin requirement in man with diets of known tryptophan content, and estimation of minimum tryPTophan requirement for nitrogen balance permits formulation of diets containing little excess trypsophan which may be converted to niacIn.
Abstract: Early attempts to estimate human niacin requirement were based on calculations of the niacin content of pellagragenic and nonpellagragenic diets (1, 2). It was appreciated that the protein content of the diet was in some way related to niacin requirement. Recent studies showing that the amino acid tryptophan is converted in part to niacin compounds in man (3-5) may explain the above relationship, and also the pellagra preventive effect of foods which are low in niacin but rich in "good" protein. The present experiments were designed to study niacin requirement in man with diets of known tryptophan content. Estimation of minimum tryptophan requirement for nitrogen balance (6) permits formulation of diets containing little excess tryptophan which may be converted to niacin. The discovery of the major metabolites of niacin, namely Nl-methylnicotinamide (N'-Me) and the 6-pyridone of Nl-methylnicotinamide (pyridone), and the development of methods for the measurement of these compounds in urine, now permit more complete studies of niacin metabolism (7-11).
69 citations
60 citations
TL;DR: Rats fed MCT had slightly lower growth rates and caloric efficiency values, less carcass fat and smaller epididymal fat pads than animals fed conventional dietary fats, and the volume of milk secreted by the rats receiving the MCT diet was smaller and contained a lower level of fat, resulting in slower gains in weight.
Abstract: Nutritional evaluation of a medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) preparation, containing about 75% octanoic acid and 25% decanoic acid, was carried out in short- and long-term experiments in rats. A casein diet containing 19.6% MCT and 2.5% safflower oil, the latter to supply essential fatty acids, was compared with similar diets containing conventional dietary fats. Data obtained in a 47-week study showed that the MCT diet supported normal growth and development. At autopsy, carcass protein and ash levels, vital organ weights and composition were similar to those in rats fed conventional fats. Histological study showed that intestinal and liver sections were normal after 47 weeks on the MCT-containing diet. In general, rats fed MCT had slightly lower growth rates and caloric efficiency values, less carcass fat and smaller epididymal fat pads than animals fed conventional dietary fats. Little C8 and C10 were found in depot fat. The MCT diet also supported normal reproducton, as indicated by litter size and number. During lactation the volume of milk secreted by the rats receiving the MCT diet was smaller and contained a lower level of fat than that secreted by the rats receiving an oleo oil diet, resulting in slower gains in weight in the MCT group. After weaning, growth of the rats fed MCT compared favorably with that attained by the animals on the diet containing oleo oil.
50 citations
Cited by
More filters
3,248 citations
TL;DR: This chapter discusses that the knowledge of phytic acid had its beginning in the discovery by Hartig, who isolated small particles or grains from the seeds of various plants, and the correlation of phytate with the cooking quality of peas was first suggested by Mattson.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses that the knowledge of phytic acid had its beginning in the discovery by Hartig, who isolated small particles or grains (which were not starch grains) from the seeds of various plants. Phytic acid has been generally regarded as the primary storage form of both phosphate and inositol in almost all seeds. The amount of phytic acid varies from 0.50% to 1.89% in cereals (except polished rice), from 0.40% to 2.06% in legumes, from 2.00% to 5.20% in oil seeds except soybeans and peanuts (grouped under legumes), and from 0.40% to 7.50% in protein products. Many foods and seeds contain myo-inositol hexaphosphate as an important source of phosphorus, and accurate methods for its determination are needed. Phytase (meso-inositol hexaphosphate phosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.3.8) is widely distributed in plants, animals, and fungi. In mature cereal grains, legumes, and oil seeds, the major portion of the total phosphorus is present in the form of phytic acid (phytate). Experiments with animals have suggested that phytic acid in plant foods complexes with dietary essential minerals such as calcium, zinc, iron, and magnesium and makes them biologically unavailable for absorption. The correlation of phytate with the cooking quality of peas was first suggested by Mattson. Phytic acid, myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakis dihydrogen phosphate serves as the main phosphorus store in mature seeds and grains. In cereals and legumes, phytic acid content ranges from 0.14% to 2.05%, which accounts for 18 to 88% of the total phosphorus.
932 citations
01 Jan 2006
786 citations
TL;DR: The pig as model: The PIG AS MODEL, a chronology of key events and stories from the build-up to the deadliest event in the history of the Great Fire of London, is described.
Abstract: ��:�����:�: ���f;��'::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: THE PIG AS MODEL . Maternal and Fetal Nutrition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Infant Nutrition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amino Acid Metabolism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CONCLUSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
679 citations
TL;DR: The present review is focused on the chemistry of NAC and its interactions and functions at the organ, tissue and cellular levels in an attempt to bridge the gap between its recognized biological activities and chemistry.
614 citations