Hideo Takahashi

Bio: Hideo Takahashi is an academic researcher from Kyoto University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Complementary DNA & Protein primary structure. The author has an hindex of 30, co-authored 42 publications receiving 12032 citations.

Primary structure of the receptor for calcium channel blockers from skeletal muscle

Abstract: The complete amino-acid sequence of the receptor for dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers from rabbit skeletal muscle is predicted by cloning and sequence analysis of DNA complementary to its messenger RNA. Structural and sequence similarities to the voltage-dependent sodium channel suggest that in the transverse tubule membrane of skeletal muscle the dihydropyridine receptor may act both as voltage sensor in excitation-contraction coupling and as a calcium channel

Primary structure of Electrophorus electricus sodium channel deduced from cDNA sequence.

Abstract: Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNA for the Electrophorus electricus electroplax sodium channel indicate that this protein, consisting of 1,820 amino acid residues, exhibits four repeated homology units, which are presumably oriented in a pseudosymmetric fashion across the membrane. Each homology unit contains a unique segment with clustered positively charged residues, which may be involved in the gating structure, possibly in conjunction with negatively charged residues clustered elsewhere.

Existence of distinct sodium channel messenger RNAs in rat brain

Abstract: The sodium channel is a voltage-gated ionic channel essential for the generation of action potentials1–3. It has been reported that the sodium channels purified from the electric organ of Electrophorus electricus (electric eel)4,5 and from chick cardiac muscle6 consist of a single polypeptide of relative molecular mass (Mr) ∼260,000 (260K), whereas those purified from rat brain7 and skeletal muscle8 contain, in addition to the large polypeptide, two or three smaller polypeptides of Mr 37–45K. Recently, we have elucidated the primary structure of the Electrophorus sodium channel by cloning and sequencing the DNA complementary to its messenger RNA9. Despite the apparent homogeneity of the purified sodium channel preparations, several types of tetrodotoxin (or saxitoxin) binding sites or sodium currents have been observed in many excitable membranes10–19. The occurrence of distinguishable populations of sodium channels may be attributable to different states of the same channel protein or to distinct channel proteins. We have now isolated complementary DNA clones derived from two distinct rat brain mRNAs encoding sodium channel large polypeptides and present here the complete amino-acid sequences of the two polypeptides (designated sodium channels I and II), as deduced from the cDNA sequences. A partial DNA sequence complementary to a third homologous mRNA from rat brain has also been cloned.

Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNA for bovine adrenal preproenkephalin

Abstract: The nucleotide sequence of cloned cDNA for preproenkephalin from bovine adrenal medulla indicates that the precursor protein contains four copies of Met-enkephalin and one copy each of Leu-enkephalin, Met-enkephalin-Arg6 -Phe7 and Met-enkephalin-Arg6 -Gly7 -Leu8, a previously undetected opioid peptide. The enkephalin and extended enkephalin sequences are each bounded by paired basic amino acid residues. Preproenkephalin may represent a multi-hormone precursor, like the corticotropin-β-lipotropin precursor.

Cloning, sequencing and expression of complementary DNA encoding the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor

Abstract: Cloning and sequence analysis of DNA complementary to porcine cerebral messenger RNA encoding the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor predict the complete amino-acid sequence of this protein. Expression of the complementary DNA produced functional muscarinic receptor in Xenopus oocytes. The muscarinic receptor is homologous with the beta-adrenergic receptor and rhodopsin in both amino-acid sequence and suggested transmembrane topography.

A novel potent vasoconstrictor peptide produced by vascular endothelial cells.

Abstract: An endothelium-derived 21-residue vasoconstrictor peptide, endothelin, has been isolated, and shown to be one of the most potent vasoconstrictors known. Cloning and sequencing of preproendothelin complementary DNA shows that mature endothelin is generated through an unusual proteolytic processing, and regional homologies to a group of neurotoxins suggest that endothelin is an endogenous modulator of voltage-dependent ion channels. Expression of the endothelin gene is regulated by several vasoactive agents, indicating the existence of a novel cardiovascular control system.

Identification of the cystic fibrosis gene: cloning and characterization of complementary DNA.

Abstract: Overlapping complementary DNA clones were isolated from epithelial cell libraries with a genomic DNA segment containing a portion of the putative cystic fibrosis (CF) locus, which is on chromosome 7 Transcripts, approximately 6500 nucleotides in size, were detectable in the tissues affected in patients with CF The predicted protein consists of two similar motifs, each with (i) a domain having properties consistent with membrane association and (ii) a domain believed to be involved in ATP (adenosine triphosphate) binding A deletion of three base pairs that results in the omission of a phenylalanine residue at the center of the first predicted nucleotide-binding domain was detected in CF patients

The scanning model for translation: an update.

Abstract: The small (40S) subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes is believed to bind initially at the capped 5'-end of messenger RNA and then migrate, stopping at the first AUG codon in a favorable context for initiating translation. The first-AUG rule is not absolute, but there are rules for breaking the rule. Some anomalous observations that seemed to contradict the scanning mechanism now appear to be artifacts. A few genuine anomalies remain unexplained.

Physiological Functions of Glucocorticoids in Stress and Their Relation to Pharmacological Actions

Abstract: Introduction and Background Modern glucocorticoid endocrinology is a colorful, richly varied, but formless discipline—a profusion of cellular, physiological and pharmacological effects, seemingly unrelated through any central hormonal function. A current list of glucocorticoid effects might include such disparate items as stimulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis, inhibition of glucose uptake by peripheral tissues, suppression of inflammation, enhanced excretion of a water load, induction in various cells of tryptophan oxygenase and glutamine synthetase, suppression of numerous immune reactions, inhibition of secretion of several hormones and neuropeptides, and inhibition of activity of plasminogen activator and other neutral proteinases. Judging from recent writings on glucocorticoid physiology, an item that might be low on the list or missing altogether is “increased resistance to stress”.