抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Journal of Applied physics,Vol.33 : 1962年に発表されたレオロジー関連の論文

Edible films and coatings: a review.

Bioactive compounds of beetroot and utilization in food processing industry: A critical review.

A review of multi-physical fields induced phenomena and effects in spark plasma sintering: Fundamentals and applications

This novel piezoelectric zinc oxide (ZnO) thin film microcantilever was fabricated by micromachining technique. To release the cantilever, wet anisotropic etching of Silicon (Si) was performed by tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH). The transverse piezoelectric coefficient d31 of the ZnO film, obtained from the deflection of the cantilever with influence of applied voltage, was calculated as 3.32 pC/N. The observed dynamic characterization of the novel piezoelectric microcantilever had linear response with the applied driving voltage. The obtained values of Young Modulus and Hardness were 208 ± 4 GPa and 4.84 ± 0.1 GPa respectively. This inexpensive novel method provides additional design flexibility to fabricate vibrational energy harvesters. The easy steps of fabrication and cost effectiveness of this method may be preferred it over DRIE. The voltage induced due to deformation of ZnO cantilever were measured ~ 230 mV. This microcantilever energy scavenger may be used to power the nano devices and sensors for medical and agricultural applications as a replacement of traditional bulky batteries.

A novel ZnO piezoelectric microcantilever energy scavenger: Fabrication and characterization

In this paper, we investigated the effect of film thickness on structural, surface morphology and optical properties of ZnO thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method. Thickness of the films was varied by keeping all other PLD parameters same to investigate thickness dependence on the structural and optical properties of ZnO thin films. The prepared thin films have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), UV- visible (Uv–Vis) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. XRD confirms the formation of crystalline c-axis orientated hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO thin films. AFM depicts that roughness and grain size of the ZnO films increase with increase in the films thickness. The direct optical band gap of the ZnO films calculated using Tauc's plot increase from 3.28 eV to 3.34 eV as the thickness of the films varies from 55 nm to 220 nm. The high quality c-axis orientated ZnO thin films with minimum strain and tuneable optical properties could be used as a transparent conducting oxide (TCO) for optoelectronic applications.

Investigation of structural and optical properties of ZnO thin films of different thickness grown by pulsed laser deposition method

In this paper, a smart stick is intended and executed to aid blind persons so that they can walk independently without much difficulty. Firstly, pothole detection and avoidance system are implemented by setting the ultrasonic sensor at 30-degree angle on a suitable blind stick to sense if there is a hole or staircase in front of the blind at about 30 cm distance to avoid a person from falling and as a result may be producing many damages. Secondly, a moisture sensor is placed at the down of stick to measure the degree of water land soil moisture in forward-facing of the user and aware him as soon as that degree exceeds a measured level that may submerge the foot of him. Thirdly, knee above obstacle detection and avoidance system is implemented by using an additional ultrasonic sensor on the top of the stick to turn an alarm and vibration ON when there is a person, obstacle or wall at a distance of 50 cm in front to avoid an accident and thus helping the person to move independently. Fourthly, an ultrasonic sensor is placed down the stick at about 20 cm from the ground level to detect and avoid knee below obstacles and stairs at a distance of 70 cm in front of the user. Fifthly, a wireless remote consisting of RF modules (transmitter and receiver) is implemented, so if a person drops stick or forget it somewhere, he can press a switch of the remote consisting of transmitter part, and as a result alarm with vibrations will turn on, so the user can know the location of the stick. The stick is implemented practically using single wheel leg blinding cane, Arduino microcontroller three ultrasonic sensors RF modules. Also, two buzzers and two vibration motor are used on the stick to fit on when any difficulties occur.

Embedded Assistive Stick for Visually Impaired Persons

Fruits and vegetables, being good source of energy, health promoting and protecting compounds with unique taste and flavor, are attracting consumers since ages. These horticultural produces start deterioration just after harvest; therefore, their proper storage is must during transportation and storage to retain maximum quality parameters and for good market value. Best storage conditions are required to prevent growth of micro flora and to maintain the nutritional values of harvested produce. Retailers and processors in every corner of world want to move toward the cheaper ways to increase the shelf life and texture of horticultural crops for better consumer preference. The purpose of this paper is to make consumers and researchers aware about different post harvest malpractices in fresh fruits and vegetables.,Lot of chemicals like colors, artificial ripening agents, sweeteners and waxes are applied on surface of horticulture produce to siphon off money from consumers, and these have adverse health effects directly or indirectly. Various regulatory agencies have launched various programs, acts and laws for monitoring and avoiding such unhealthy ways. Regulatory bodies launched training programs also for the food handlers and consumers to ensure the food safety from farm to fork.,This paper will throw light on different malpractices followed by retailers to manipulate the quality which causes adverse health effects and to create consumer awareness regarding such malpractices.,The paper emphasizes on current malpractices followed by retailers to mislead the consumers about fruits’ and vegetable’ quality by using sweeteners, colors and other chemical. On prolonged consumption, such substances lead to major health issues such as attention disorder.

Post-harvest malpractices in fresh fruits and vegetables: food safety and health issues in India

We have observed large tunneling Magnetoresistance (TMR) in amine functionalized octahedral nanoparticle assemblies. Amine monolayer on the surface of nanoparticles acts as an insulating barrier between the semimetal Fe3O4 nanoparticles and provides multiple tunnel junctions where inter-granular tunneling is plausible. The tunneling magnetoresistance recorded at room temperature is 38% which increases to 69% at 180 K. When the temperature drops below 150 K, coulomb staircase is observed in the current versus voltage characteristics as the charging energy exceeds the thermal energy. A similar study is also carried out with spherical nanoparticles. A 24% TMR is recorded at room temperature which increases to 41% at 180 K for spherical particles. Mossbauer spectra reveal better stoichiometry for octahedral particles which is attainable due to lesser surface disorder and strong amine coupling at the facets of octahedral Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Less stoichiometric defect in octahedral nanoparticles leads to...

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Himanshu Sharma

Papers

A novel ZnO piezoelectric microcantilever energy scavenger: Fabrication and characterization

Investigation of structural and optical properties of ZnO thin films of different thickness grown by pulsed laser deposition method

Embedded Assistive Stick for Visually Impaired Persons

Post-harvest malpractices in fresh fruits and vegetables: food safety and health issues in India

Large tunneling magnetoresistance in octahedral Fe3O4 nanoparticles