The aim of this critical review is to provide a broad but digestible overview of mechanochemical synthesis, i.e. reactions conducted by grinding solid reactants together with no or minimal solvent. Although mechanochemistry has historically been a sideline approach to synthesis it may soon move into the mainstream because it is increasingly apparent that it can be practical, and even advantageous, and because of the opportunities it provides for developing more sustainable methods. Concentrating on recent advances, this article covers industrial aspects, inorganic materials, organic synthesis, cocrystallisation, pharmaceutical aspects, metal complexes (including metal–organic frameworks), supramolecular aspects and characterization methods. The historical development, mechanistic aspects, limitations and opportunities are also discussed (314 references).

/pdf/mechanochemistry-opportunities-for-new-and-cleaner-synthesis-15fcwynvnd.pdf

Mechanochemistry: opportunities for new and cleaner synthesis

http://smartsys.eng.utoledo.edu/publications/Manufacturing%20and%20processing%20of%20NiTi%20implants%20A%20review.pdf

Manufacturing and processing of NiTi implants: A review

Statics and kinematics of granular materials

Selective laser melting of Ti6Al4V alloy for biomedical applications: Temperature monitoring and microstructural evolution

Additive manufacturing (AM) technology from engineering has helped to achieve several advances in the medical field, particularly as far as fabrication of implants is concerned. The use of AM has made it possible to carry out surgical planning and simulation using a three-dimensional physical model which accurately represents the patient's anatomy. AM technology enables the production of models and implants directly from a 3D virtual model, facilitating surgical procedures and reducing risks. Furthermore, AM has been used to produce implants designed for individual patients in areas of medicine such as craniomaxillofacial surgery, with optimal size, shape and mechanical properties. This work presents AM technologies which were applied to design and fabricate a biomodel and customized implant for the surgical reconstruction of a large cranial defect. A series of computed tomography data was obtained and software was used to extract the cranial geometry. The protocol presented was used to create an anatomic biomodel of the bone defect for surgical planning and, finally, the design and manufacture of the patient-specific implant.

Cranial reconstruction: 3D biomodel and custom-built implant created using additive manufacturing

Effect of particle morphology and size on roll compaction of Ti-based powders

A brief background to compaction equations and their application to titanium powder is presented. The behavior and mechanisms of densification in selected titanium powders is critically analyzed by means of a comprehensive inter-model comparison of existing compaction equations. The results are discussed in terms of the comparative evaluation of cold uniaxial compaction tests of sponge Ti, CP TiH2, CP Grade 2 Ti, and TiH2-SS316L nanocomposite powder samples, which were conducted at applied compaction pressures of up to 1250 MPa.

Analysis of the Cold Compaction Behavior of Titanium Powders: A Comprehensive Inter-model Comparison Study of Compaction Equations

Characterization of mechanically alloyed f.c.c. Ti–Mg–based powders

Consolidation of titanium hydride powders during the production of titanium PM parts: The effect of die wall lubricants

Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy advanced metals initiative: Light Metals Conference, Misty Hills, Muldersdrift, 27-29 October 2010

HK Chikwanda

Papers

Effect of particle morphology and size on roll compaction of Ti-based powders

Analysis of the Cold Compaction Behavior of Titanium Powders: A Comprehensive Inter-model Comparison Study of Compaction Equations

Characterization of mechanically alloyed f.c.c. Ti–Mg–based powders

Consolidation of titanium hydride powders during the production of titanium PM parts: The effect of die wall lubricants

Additive manufacturing: Characterization of TI-6AI-4V alloy intended for biomedical application