Wearable devices provide an alternative pathway to clinical diagnostics by exploiting various physical, chemical and biological sensors to mine physiological (biophysical and/or biochemical) information in real time (preferably, continuously) and in a non-invasive or minimally invasive manner. These sensors can be worn in the form of glasses, jewellery, face masks, wristwatches, fitness bands, tattoo-like devices, bandages or other patches, and textiles. Wearables such as smartwatches have already proved their capability for the early detection and monitoring of the progression and treatment of various diseases, such as COVID-19 and Parkinson disease, through biophysical signals. Next-generation wearable sensors that enable the multimodal and/or multiplexed measurement of physical parameters and biochemical markers in real time and continuously could be a transformative technology for diagnostics, allowing for high-resolution and time-resolved historical recording of the health status of an individual. In this Review, we examine the building blocks of such wearable sensors, including the substrate materials, sensing mechanisms, power modules and decision-making units, by reflecting on the recent developments in the materials, engineering and data science of these components. Finally, we synthesize current trends in the field to provide predictions for the future trajectory of wearable sensors. 

/pdf/end-to-end-design-of-wearable-sensors-1qoptprj.pdf

End-to-end design of wearable sensors

Abstract Wireless technologies-supported printed flexible electronics are crucial for the Internet of Things (IoTs), human-machine interaction, wearable and biomedical applications. However, the challenges to existing printing approaches remain, such as low printing precision, difficulty in conformal printing, complex ink formulations and processes. Here we present a room-temperature direct printing strategy for flexible wireless electronics, where distinct high-performance functional modules (e.g., antennas, micro-supercapacitors, and sensors) can be fabricated with high resolution and further integrated on various flat/curved substrates. The additive-free titanium carbide (Ti 3 C 2 T x ) MXene aqueous inks are regulated with large single-layer ratio (&gt;90%) and narrow flake size distribution, offering metallic conductivity (~6, 900 S cm −1 ) in the ultrafine-printed tracks (3 μm line gap and 0.43% spatial uniformity) without annealing. In particular, we build an all-MXene-printed integrated system capable of wireless communication, energy harvesting, and smart sensing. This work opens a door for high-precision additive manufacturing of printed wireless electronics at room temperature. 

/pdf/room-temperature-high-precision-printing-of-flexible-uo9zwweg.pdf

Room-temperature high-precision printing of flexible wireless electronics based on MXene inks

Wearable and implantable sensors can be linked together to create multi-node wireless networks that could be of use in the development of advanced healthcare monitoring technologies. Such body area networks require secure, seamless and versatile communication links that can operate across the complex human body, but they typically suffer from short ranges, low power or the need for direct-connection terminals. Here we show that textile-integrated metamaterials can be used to drive long-distance near-field communication (NFC)-based magneto-inductive waves along and between multiple objects. The metamaterials are built from arrays of discrete, anisotropic magneto-inductive elements, creating a mechanically flexible system capable of battery-free communication among NFC-enabled devices that are placed anywhere close to the network. Our approach offers a secure and on-demand body area network that has the potential for straightforward expansion and can span across different pieces of clothing, objects and people. Textile-integrated metamaterials can be used to drive long-distance near-field-communication-based magneto-inductive waves along and between multiple objects, creating a secure and on-demand body area network.

Textile-integrated metamaterials for near-field multibody area networks

The importance of user-friendly, inexpensive, sensitive, and selective detection of viruses has been highlighted again due to the recent Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Among the analytical tools, paper-based devices (PADs) have become a leading alternative for point-of-care (POC) testing. In this review, we discuss the recent development strategies and applications in nucleic acid-based, antibody/antigen-based and other affinity-based PADs using optical and electrochemical detection methods for sensing viruses. In addition, advantages and drawbacks of presented PADs are identified. Current state and insights towards future perspectives are presented regarding developing POC diagnosis platform for COVID-19. This review considers state-of-the-art technologies for further development and improvement in PADs performance for virus detection.

Paper-based analytical devices for virus detection: Recent strategies for current and future pandemics.

Paper-based sensors exploiting the advantages of paper can replace traditional substrate materials for building sensors which are simple to manufacture, inexpensive, easy-to-operate, portable and disposable. From clinical diagnostics and agriculture...

/pdf/paper-based-sensors-for-diagnostics-human-activity-19hi18mc.pdf

Paper-Based Sensors for Diagnostics, Human Activity Monitoring, Food Safety and Environmental Detection

Near-field communication emerged as a high-security, wireless, short-range, data exchange technology nearly two decades ago; its ability to simultaneously transfer power and data between devices offers exciting opportunities for the design of miniature, battery-free and disposable sensing systems in health care and food quality monitoring. Near-field communication (NFC) emerged as a high-security, wireless, short-range, data exchange technology nearly two decades ago; its ability to simultaneously transfer power and data between devices offers exciting opportunities for the design of miniature, battery-less and disposable sensing systems in healthcare and food quality monitoring.

/pdf/the-future-of-near-field-communication-based-wireless-5dfl9p4b1m.pdf

The future of near-field communication-based wireless sensing.

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for users of metaverse platform services to find out the relationship between sports brand Experiential marketing using metaverse and brand equity and purchase intention.BR In order to achieve the purpose of the study, users using the metaverse platform experience service were selected as the population. For sample collection, a questionnaire consisting of a total of 38 questions was distributed using the objective sampling method among the non-probability sampling methods, and a total of 334 of the collected questionnaires were used for final analysis.BR The collected data were processed by using SPSS 20.0 Version for frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The results of analyses were as follows: First, experiential marketing partially had an impact on the perceived quality, a subfactor of brand equity. Second, experiential marketing partially had an impact on the brand recognition, a subfactor of brand equity. Third, experiential marketing partially had an impact on the brand image, a subfactor of brand equity. Fourth, experiential marketing partially had an impact on purchase intention. 

Hong Seok Lee

Papers

The future of near-field communication-based wireless sensing.

The relationship between Brand equity and Purchase intention of Sports brand Experiential marketing using Metaverse