Preface Flickart 1. How to get excited about teeth 2. The basic structure of the mammalian mouth 3. How the mouth operates 4. Tooth shape 5. Tooth size 6. Tooth wear 7. The evolution of the mammalian dentition Appendix A. Mechanical properties and their measurement: material properties made easy Appendix B. Properties of teeth and potential foods Notes References Index.

https://bilder.buecher.de/zusatz/20/20997/20997265_vorw_1.pdf

Dental Functional Morphology: How Teeth Work

Mechanical properties of foods responsible for resisting food breakdown in the human mouth.

Studies in southern Africa, western Europe, and the Mediterranean Basin have documented changes in subsistence strategies and technologies during the Late Pleistocene, and have often related them to differences between the Middle and Upper Paleolithic of Europe and the Middle and Later Stone Age of Africa. However, few explicit comparisons have been made between these geographic regions to create a global view of the evolution of human diet. In this paper, we begin by documenting the state of our knowledge in coastal South Africa, where Middle Stone Age paleoecology is best documented. The lines of evidence that we consider here follow those identified by previous researchers: large game exploitation as indicated by prey mortality profiles and processing intensity; changes in the relative abundance and increasing diversity of species included in the diet, especially the addition of small, fast game such as hares, birds, and fish relative to small, slow game such as shellfish and tortoises; and changes in shellfish size reflecting intensity of collection. We then expand the discussion to include all of Africa, highlighting similarities and differences in the record and the areas that require further research. Two of the major limitations to this research are the lack of zooarchaeological assemblages that span the “transition” from the Middle to Later Stone Age (60,000 to 20,000 years ago) and the lack of zooarchaeological data from most regions of Africa. Finally, we consider how the documented subsistence changes relate to demographic changes, the modern human expansion out of Africa, and models of modern human origins.

The Evolution of Hominin Diets

A composition for accelerating the setting reaction of an aqueous calcined gypsum slurry, and a method of making the same are disclosed. The composition includes a vibratory ball milled mixture of calcium sulfate dihydrate and a surfactant. The composition is prepared by subjecting the mixture to the high-frequency, low-impact grinding action of a vibratory ball mill. The resultant composition has a potency superior to that of conventional gypsum set accelerators.

Horace Edgar Rose

Papers

Vibration Mills and Vibration Milling