Surface composition analysis by low-energy ion scattering

STM study of the geometric and electronic structure of ZnO(0001)-Zn, (0001̄)-O, (101̄0), and (112̄0) surfaces

Collisions of atoms and ions with surfaces under grazing incidence

Interaction of slow multicharged ions with solid surfaces

Photoelectron diffraction is the name given to the phenomenon resulting from the coherent interference of the directly emitted component of an electron wavefield, emerging from an atom as a result of core level photoemission, with other components elastically scattered by surrounding atoms. Experimental characterization of this effect provides information which can be used to provide quantitative determinations of the structure of surfaces, and particularly of adsorbed species on surfaces, in an element-specific fashion. Since the initial. Demonstration of the phenomenon in the late 1970s, an extensive methodology for surface structure determination has been developed. In this review the background physics of the process, and the development of the technique is described. A brief discussion of the high energy forward scattering version of the technique (X-ray photoelectron diffraction-XPD), which utilizes zero-order diffraction effects, is included, but the most of the review is concerned with the lower energy backscattering method more relevant to the determination of detailed adsorption sites on surfaces. In addition to the general theoretical, experimental and methodology background, a number of the more recent developments are described including use of 'direct inversion' methods for (approximate) structure determination, including a survey of photoelectron holography, and the realization of chemical shift photoelectron diffraction to allow structure determinations of surfaces including atoms of one element in more than one inequivalent site. All of the developments are illustrated with specific examples, mainly of molecular and atomic adsorbates on metal surfaces.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0034-4885/57/10/003/pdf

Adsorbate structure determination on surfaces using photoelectron diffraction

Low-energy ion scattering at surfaces

Surface structure investigation of nitrogen and oxygen on Cu3Au(100)

Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy of iron suicide epitaxially grown on Si(111)

Reconstruction of the oxygen covered Cu3Au(110) surface investigated by low energy ion back scattering and LEED

Nitrogen induced Ni(110)-(2 × 3) reconstruction: a structure determination with ion scattering spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy

Horst Niehus

Papers

Low-energy ion scattering at surfaces

Surface structure investigation of nitrogen and oxygen on Cu3Au(100)

Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy of iron suicide epitaxially grown on Si(111)

Reconstruction of the oxygen covered Cu3Au(110) surface investigated by low energy ion back scattering and LEED

Nitrogen induced Ni(110)-(2 × 3) reconstruction: a structure determination with ion scattering spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy