Pedagosko i psiholosko testiranje i procjenjivanje spadaju među najvažnije doprinose znanosti o ponasanju nasem drustvu i pružaju temeljna i znacajna poboljsanja u odnosu na ranije postupke. Iako se ne može ustvrditi da su svi testovi dovoljno usavrseni niti da su sva testiranja razborita i korisna, postoji velika kolicina informacija koje ukazuju na ucinkovitost kvalitetnih instrumenata u onim situacijama u kojima je njihovo koristenje potkrijepljeno validacijskim podacima. Pravilna upotreba testova može dovesti do boljih odluka o pojedincima i programima nego sto bi to bio slucaj bez njihovog koristenja, a također i ukazati na put za siri i pravedniji pristup obrazovanju i zaposljavanju. Međutim, losa upotreba testova može dovesti do zamjetne stete nanesene ispitanicima i drugim sudionicima u procesu donosenja odluka na temelju testovnih podataka. Cilj Standarda je promoviranje kvalitetne i eticne upotrebe testova te uspostavljanje osnovice za ocjenu kvalitete postupaka testiranja. Svrha objavljivanja Standarda je uspostavljanje kriterija za evaluaciju testova, provedbe testiranja i posljedica upotrebe testova. Iako bi evaluacija prikladnosti testa ili njegove primjene trebala ovisiti prvenstveno o strucnim misljenjima, Standardi pružaju okvir koji osigurava obuhvacanje svih relevantnih pitanja. Bilo bi poželjno da svi autori, sponzori, nakladnici i korisnici profesionalnih testova usvoje Standarde te da poticu druge da ih također prihvate.

Standards for educational and psychological testing

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/5/110/206.full.pdf

The american psychological association.

reoffending than those who completed treatment. The predictors of nonsexual violent recidivism and general (any) recidivism were similar to those predictors found among nonsexual criminals (e.g., prior violent offenses, age, juvenile deliquency). Our results suggest that applied risk assessments of sexual offenders should consider separately the offender's risk for sexual and nonsexual recidivism. Assessing chronicity is crucial for clients whose sexual behaviors have brought them into conflict with the law. Many exceptional criminal justice policies, such as postsentence detention (e.g., Anderson & Masters, 1992), lifetime community supervision, and community notification, target those sexual offenders likely to reoffend. Clinicians need to judge whether the client's behaviors are truly atypical of the individual (as the client would like us to believe) or whether the client merits a virtually permanent label as a sexual offender.

/pdf/predicting-relapse-a-meta-analysis-of-sexual-offender-ml492rgh0h.pdf

Predicting relapse: a meta-analysis of sexual offender recidivism studies.

Meta-analytic techniques were used to determine which predictor domains and actuarial assessment instruments were the best predictors of adult offender recidivism. One hundred and thirty-one studies produced 1,141 correlations with recidivism. The strongest predictor domains were criminogenic needs, criminal history/history of antisocial behavior, social achievement, age/gender/race, and family factors. Less robust predictors included intellectual functioning, personal distress factors, and socioeconomic status in the family of origin. Dynamic predictor domains performed at least as well as the static domains. The LSI-R was identified as the most useful actuarial measure. Recommendations for developing sound assessment practices in corrections are provided.

/pdf/a-meta-analysis-of-the-predictors-of-adult-offender-4glo6e6fys.pdf

A meta‐analysis of the predictors of adult offender recidivism: what works!*

A meta-analysis of 82 recidivism studies (1,620 findings from 29,450 sexual offenders) identified deviant sexual preferences and antisocial orientation as the major predictors of sexual recidivism for both adult and adolescent sexual offenders. Antisocial orientation was the major predictor of violent recidivism and general (any) recidivism. The review also identified some dynamic risk factors that have the potential of being useful treatment targets (e.g., sexual preoccupations, general self-regulation problems). Many of the variables commonly addressed in sex offender treatment programs (e.g., psychological distress, denial of sex crime, victim empathy, stated motivation for treatment) had little or no relationship with sexual or violent recidivism.

/pdf/the-characteristics-of-persistent-sexual-offenders-a-meta-19hgzia124.pdf

The Characteristics of Persistent Sexual Offenders: A Meta-Analysis of Recidivism Studies.

Introduction: Issues in Sexual Assault W.L. Marshall, et al. The Nature and Extent of Sexual Assault G.G. Abel, J.L. Rouleau. Classifying Sexual Offenders: The Development and Corroboration of Taxonomic Models R.A. Knight, R.A. Prentky. Factors Influencing Sexual Assault: Sexual Aggression: Achieving Power Through Humiliation J.L. Darke. The Influence of Pornography on Sexual Crimes M.R. Murrin, D.R. Laws. Androgenic Hormones and Sexual Assault S.J. Hucker, J. Bain. Sexual Anomalies and the Brain R. Langevin. Stimulus Control of Sexual Arousal: Its Role in Sexual Assault H.E. Barbaree. Social and Cultural Factors in Sexual Assault L.E. Stermac, et al. The Role of Cognition in Sexual Assault Z.V. Segal, L.E. Stermac. Theories of Sexual Assault: Sex Offenders: A Feminist Perspective J.L. Herman. Court Disorder K. Freund. Treatment of the Offender: The Modification of Sexual Preferences V.L. Quinsey, C.M. Earls. The Antiandrogen and Hormonal Treatment of Sex Offenders J.M.W. Bradford. 8 additional articles. Index.

Handbook of sexual assault: Issues, theories, and treatment of the offender.

This chapter represents an attempt to integrate a widely disparate literature concerning factors which play a role in the etiology of sex offending and lead to its persistence. In particular we are concerned that most researchers seem to take a rather narrow perspective of this behavior, stressing their own preferred processes (i.e., psychological, biological, or sociological) to the virtual exclusion of others. We have previously emphasized the role of learning experiences (Marshall and Barbaree, 1984a), sociocultural factors (Marshall, 1984a), and biological processes (Marshall 1984b) in the etiology of rape, but this represents our first attempt at integration and the first time we have extended our theorizing to account for other sex offenses. We believe that a proper understanding of sex offending can only be attained when these diverse processes are seen as functionally interdependent.

An Integrated Theory of the Etiology of Sexual Offending

Five actuarial instruments and one guided clinical instrument designed to assess risk for recidivism were compared on 215 sex offenders released from prison for an average of 4.5 years. The Violenc...

Evaluating the Predictive Accuracy of Six Risk Assessment Instruments for Adult Sex Offenders

Consistent with findings in other areas of clinical practice, it was predicted that good treatment behavior (in terms of in-session behavior, homework quality, and global ratings of motivation and change achieved) would be associated with parole success and lower recidivism in a sample of 283 sex offenders This prediction was not supported: Good treatment behavior was unrelated to parole failure or general recidivism, and it was associated with higher serious recidivism (a new violent or sexual offense) after an average time at risk of 32 months Further exploration revealed that men who scored higher in psychopathy and better in treatment behavior were the most likely to reoffend These results could have important implications for risk management and treatment planning

Howard E. Barbaree

Papers

Handbook of sexual assault: Issues, theories, and treatment of the offender.

An Integrated Theory of the Etiology of Sexual Offending

Evaluating the Predictive Accuracy of Six Risk Assessment Instruments for Adult Sex Offenders

Psychopathy, Treatment Behavior, and Sex Offender Recidivism

Treatment outcome with sex offenders