Howard Frumkin

TL;DR: This work focuses on nature as represented by aspects of the physical environment relevant to planning, design, and policy measures that serve broad segments of urbanized societies and considers research on pathways between nature and health involving air quality, physical activity, social cohesion, and stress reduction.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identify three categories of challenges that have to be addressed to maintain and enhance human health in the face of increasingly harmful environmental trends: conceptual and empathy failures (imagination challenges), such as an overreliance on gross domestic product as a measure of human progress, the failure to account for future health and environmental harms over present day gains, and the disproportionate eff ect of those harms on the poor and those in developing nations.

TL;DR: The relationship between sprawl and health is discussed based on eight considerations: air pollution, heat, physical activity patterns, motor vehicle crashes, pedestrian injuries and deaths, water quality and quantity, mental health, and social capital.

TL;DR: Evidence supporting the "biophilia" hypothesis that humans have an innate bond with nature more generally implies that certain kinds of contact with the natural world may benefit health is presented and the implications for a broader agenda for environmental health are discussed.

TL;DR: It is shown how ecosystem service assessments can be expanded to include mental health, and a heuristic, conceptual model for doing so is provided.