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Humaira Naureen

Bio: Humaira Naureen is an academic researcher from Riphah International University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Medicine & Cancer. The author has an hindex of 4, co-authored 17 publications receiving 56 citations.

Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Zinc metal carboxylates synthesized have strong potency to manage Alzheimer’s disease on both anticholinesterase and antioxidant targets according to standard ascorbic acid in both DPPH and ABTS assays.
Abstract: In search of suitable therapy for the management of Alzheimer’s disease, this study was designed to evaluate metal complexes against its biochemical targets. Zinc metal carboxylates (AAZ1–AAZ6) wer...

30 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results reveal that Conyza canadensis possesses potent secondary metabolites which can cause inhibition of α-glucosidase, and has the ability to reduce blood glucose level in diabetic animals and significantly improves oral glucose overload tolerance.
Abstract: Purpose : To investigate the antihyperglycemic activity of Conyza canadensis via α-glucosidase inhibition in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Methods : In vitro antidiabetic activity was investigated using α-glucosidase inhibition assay with acarbose (62.5, 125, 500 and 1000 μg/ml) as the standard drug. Conyza canadensis crude extract (Cc.Cr) in doses of 10, 30, 100 and 300 mg/kg were administered daily as a single dose to alloxaninduced (200 mg/kg) diabetic mice (Balb/c), and its effect on fasting blood glucose levels and body weight were evaluated for 15 consecutive days; oral glucose tolerance test was conducted. Metformin (500 mg/kg) was used as a standard antidiabetic drug for comparison. Acute toxicity of Cc.Cr was also evaluated at doses of 3 and 5 g/kg. Results : Conyza canadensis crude extract (Cc.Cr) exhibited strong enzyme inhibition at concentrations (μg/ml) of 1000 (74.78 ± 0.92), 500 (65.11 ± 0.07), 250 (57.55 ± 0.41), 125 (51.55 ± 0.67) and 62.5 ( 44.00 ± 0.57), with a median inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) of 107 μg/ml. Cc.Cr at all test doses (10 - 300 mg / kg) reduced fasting blood glucose levels in alloxan (200 mg/kg) - induced diabetic mice on days 5, 10 and 15 compared to the diabetic control group (p < 0. 001). These effects were similar to those caused by the standard antidiabetic drug, metformin. Cc.Cr at all test doses also increased body weight of treated animals. The extract (300 mg/kg) significantly improved tolerance of oral glucose overload in mice, like metformin. The extract did not cause any mortality up to the maximum dose of 5 g/kg. Conclusion : The results reveal that Conyza canadensis possesses potent secondary metabolites which can cause inhibition of α-glucosidase. Moreover, the plant extract has the ability to reduce blood glucose level in diabetic animals and significantly improves oral glucose overload tolerance. Keywords : Conyza canadensis , α-Glucosidase, Blood glucose, Alloxan, Diabetes, Glucose tolerance

25 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review has attempted to focus on cutting-edge research which has unveiled remarkable abilities of luteolin to modulate deregulated oncogenic pathways in different cancers to develop a refined understanding of the multi-layered regulation of signaling pathways and non-coding RNAs by Luteolin inDifferent cancers.

24 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The analgesic potential of isoxazolone and pyrazolone derivatives, especially compounds 3b and 4b can be considered promising lead molecules for further investigation and development into potent analgesic drugs.
Abstract: A series of new isoxazolone (3a-d) and pyrazolone (4a-d) derivatives were synthesized and assessed for their antioxidant and analgesic activity. Among synthesized compounds, 3b and 4b having nitro (NO2 ) group show high analgesic activity at a dose of 6 mg/kg. Analgesic activity was further proceeded to explore the contribution of opioidergic mechanisms in the mediation of analgesic effects. Animals were administered with naloxone, a nonselective opioid inverse agonist, at the dose of 0.5 mg/kg. The results obtained suggested that the analgesic effects of the synthesized compounds were not reversed by naloxone, specifying that the compounds 3b and 4b do not follow the opioidergic pathway in order to relieve pain in animal models. Further, the binding interactions of compounds 3b and 4b were analyzed by docking them against nonopioid receptors COX-1 (3N8X) and COX-2 (3LN1). The results demonstrate the analgesic potential of isoxazolone and pyrazolone derivatives, especially compounds 3b and 4b can be considered promising lead molecules for further investigation and development into potent analgesic drugs. In addition, the antioxidant potential of compounds was also found to be related to better analgesic activity, thus providing an insight into the role of oxidative stress in the mediation of analgesia.

18 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Empiric antibiotic therapy is beneficial in patients and leads to a reduction in the mortality rate, and factors including irrational antibiotic selection, prescribing contraindicated drug combinations, and use of nephrotoxic drugs were associated with high mortality rate and poor clinical outcomes.
Abstract: Background Intensive care units (ICUs) are specialized units where patients with critical conditions are admitted for getting specialized and individualized medical treatment. High mortality rates have been observed in ICUs, but the exact reason and factors affecting the mortality rates have not yet been studied in the local population in Pakistan. Aim This study was aimed to determine rational use of antibiotic therapy in ICU patients and its impact on clinical outcomes and mortality rate. Methods This was a retrospective, longitudinal (cohort) study including 100 patients in the ICU of the largest tertiary care hospital of the capital city of Pakistan. Results It was observed that empiric antibiotic therapy was initiated in 68% of patients, while culture sensitivity test was conducted for only 19% of patients. Thirty-percent of patients developed nosocomial infections and empiric antibiotic therapy was not initiated for those patients (P<0.05). Irrational antibiotic prescribing was observed in 86% of patients, and among them, 96.5% mortality was observed (P<0.05). The overall mortality rate was 83%; even higher mortality rates were observed in patients on a ventilator, patients with serious drug-drug interactions, and patients prescribed with irrational antibiotics or nephrotoxic drugs. Adverse clinical outcomes leading to death were observed to be significantly associated (P<0.05) with irrational antibiotic prescribing, nonadjustment of doses of nephrotoxic drugs, use of steroids, and major drug-drug interactions. Conclusion It was concluded that empiric antibiotic therapy is beneficial in patients and leads to a reduction in the mortality rate. Factors including irrational antibiotic selection, prescribing contraindicated drug combinations, and use of nephrotoxic drugs were associated with high mortality rate and poor clinical outcomes.

17 citations


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The attributable mortality from nosocomial bloodstream infection is high in critically ill patients and is associated with a doubling of the SICU stay, an excess length of hospital stay of 24 days in survivors, and a significant economic burden.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE To determine the excess length of stay, extra costs, and mortality attributable to nosocomial bloodstream infection in critically ill patients. DESIGN Pairwise-matched (1:1) case-control study. SETTING Surgical intensive care unit (SICU) in a tertiary health care institution. PATIENTS All patients admitted in the SICU between July 1, 1988, and June 30, 1990, were eligible. Cases were defined as patients with nosocomial bloodstream infection; controls were selected according to matching variables in a stepwise fashion. METHODS Matching variables were primary diagnosis for admission, age, sex, length of stay before the day of infection in cases, and total number of discharge diagnoses. Matching was successful for 89% of the cohort; 86 matched case-control pairs were studied. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Crude and attributable mortality, excess length of hospital and SICU stay, and overall costs. RESULTS Nosocomial bloodstream infection complicated 2.67 per 100 admissions to the SICU during the study period. The crude mortality rates from cases and controls were 50% and 15%, respectively (P < .01); thus, the estimated attributable mortality rate was 35% (95% confidence interval, 25% to 45%). The median length of hospital stay significantly differed between cases and controls (40 vs 26 days, respectively; P < .01). When only matched pairs who survived bloodstream infection were considered (n = 41), cases stayed in the hospital a median of 54 days vs 30 days for controls (P < .01), and cases stayed in the SICU a median of 15 days vs 7 days for controls (P < .01). Thus, extra hospital and SICU length of stay attributable to bloodstream infection was 24 and 8 days, respectively. Extra costs attributable to the infection averaged $40,000 per survivor. CONCLUSIONS The attributable mortality from nosocomial bloodstream infection is high in critically ill patients. The infection is associated with a doubling of the SICU stay, an excess length of hospital stay of 24 days in survivors, and a significant economic burden.

816 citations

Reference EntryDOI
07 Feb 2014

331 citations

Proceedings Article
30 Apr 2020
TL;DR: This paper introduces the Counterfactual Recurrent Network (CRN), a novel sequence-to-sequence model that leverages the increasingly available patient observational data to estimate treatment effects over time and answer such medical questions.
Abstract: Identifying when to give treatments to patients and how to select among multiple treatments over time are important medical problems with a few existing solutions. In this paper, we introduce the Counterfactual Recurrent Network (CRN), a novel sequence-to-sequence model that leverages the increasingly available patient observational data to estimate treatment effects over time and answer such medical questions. To handle the bias from time-varying confounders, covariates affecting the treatment assignment policy in the observational data, CRN uses domain adversarial training to build balancing representations of the patient history. At each timestep, CRN constructs a treatment invariant representation which removes the association between patient history and treatment assignments and thus can be reliably used for making counterfactual predictions. On a simulated model of tumour growth, with varying degree of time-dependent confounding, we show how our model achieves lower error in estimating counterfactuals and in choosing the correct treatment and timing of treatment than current state-of-the-art methods.

83 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In-vivo acute toxicity study showed the safety of these selected compounds and binding modes and bioassay results of TZD-DHPM hybrids showed that interactions with important residues appeared significant for high potency.

56 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The inhibition of inflammatory pathway in endothelial tissue, as well as the NLRP3 inflammasome assembly, demonstrates a key role in the progression of such phenomena, and the effects in metabolic pathways connected with inflammation are described.
Abstract: Flavonoids are interesting molecules synthetized by plants. They can be found abundantly in seeds and fruits, determining the color, flavor, and other organoleptic characteristics, as well as contributing to important nutritional aspects. Beyond these characteristics, due to their biochemical properties and characteristics, they can be considered bioactive compounds. Several interesting studies have demonstrated their biological activity in different cellular and physiological processes in high-order organisms including humans. The flavonoid molecular structure confers the capability of reacting with and neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS), behaving as scavengers in all processes generating this class of molecules, such as UV irradiation, a process widely present in plant physiology. Importantly, the recent scientific literature has demonstrated that flavonoids, in human physiology, are active compounds acting not only as scavengers but also with the important role of counteracting the inflammation process. Among the wide variety of flavonoid molecules, significant results have been shown by investigating the role of the flavones luteolin and luteolin-7-O-glucoside (LUT-7G). For these compounds, experimental results demonstrated an interesting anti-inflammatory action, both in vitro and in vivo, in the interaction with JAK/STAT3, NF-κB, and other pathways described in this review. We also describe the effects in metabolic pathways connected with inflammation, such as cellular glycolysis, diabetes, lipid peroxidation, and effects in cancer cells. Moreover, the inhibition of inflammatory pathway in endothelial tissue, as well as the NLRP3 inflammasome assembly, demonstrates a key role in the progression of such phenomena. Since these micronutrient molecules can be obtained from food, their biochemical properties open new perspectives with respect to the long-term health status of healthy individuals, as well as their use as a coadjutant treatment in specific diseases.

43 citations