The term photonic crystals appears because of the analogy between electron waves in crystals and the light waves in artificial periodic dielectric structures. During the recent years the investigation of one-, two-and three-dimensional periodic structures has attracted a widespread attention of the world optics community because of great potentiality of such structures in advanced applied optical fields. The interest in periodic structures has been stimulated by the fast development of semiconductor technology that now allows the fabrication of artificial structures, whose period is comparable with the wavelength of light in the visible and infrared ranges.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/6354/16969/00781867.pdf

Photonic crystals

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Principles Of Optics Electromagnetic Theory Of Propagation Interference And Diffraction Of Light

Control of spontaneously emitted light lies at the heart of quantum optics. It is essential for diverse applications ranging from miniature lasers and light-emitting diodes, to single-photon sources for quantum information, and to solar energy harvesting. To explore such new quantum optics applications, a suitably tailored dielectric environment is required in which the vacuum fluctuations that control spontaneous emission can be manipulated. Photonic crystals provide such an environment: they strongly modify the vacuum fluctuations, causing the decay of emitted light to be accelerated or slowed down, to reveal unusual statistics, or to be completely inhibited in the ideal case of a photonic bandgap. Here we study spontaneous emission from semiconductor quantum dots embedded in inverse opal photonic crystals. We show that the spectral distribution and time-dependent decay of light emitted from excitons confined in the quantum dots are controlled by the host photonic crystal. Modified emission is observed over large frequency bandwidths of 10%, orders of magnitude larger than reported for resonant optical microcavities. Both inhibited and enhanced decay rates are observed depending on the optical emission frequency, and they are controlled by the crystals’ lattice parameter. Our experimental results provide a basis for all-solid-state dynamic control
of optical quantum systems.

Controlling the dynamics of spontaneous emission from quantum dots by photonic crystals

T van Duzer and C W Turner 1981 London: Edward Arnold xii + 369 pp price £20 In reviewing this book it is useful to distinguish between the authors' intention, as stated in the preface, and what they have actually done. What they have written is an extremely good physics text on the theory of Josephson junctions and the microscopic theory of superconductivity.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0031-9112/33/2/040/pdf

Principles of Superconductive Devices and Circuits

Design of Nanostructured Solar Cells Using Coupled Optical and Electrical Modeling Michael G. Deceglie † , Vivian E. Ferry ‡ , A. Paul Alivisatos ‡ , and Harry A. Atwater* ,† Thomas J. Watson Laboratories of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States Abstract: Nanostructured light trapping has emerged as a promising route toward improved efficiency in solar cells. We use coupled optical and electrical modeling to guide optimization of such nanostructures. We study thin-film n-i-p a-Si:H devices and demonstrate that nanostructures can be tailored to minimize absorption in the doped a-Si:H, improving carrier collection efficiency. This suggests a method for device optimization in which optical design not only maximizes absorption, but also ensures resulting carriers are efficiently collected. Keywords: Thin film solar cells, plasmon, nanophotonic, light trapping, simulation, device physics, silicon, photovoltaics In order to maximize solar cell efficiency, it is necessary to optimize both the electrical device physics and the optical absorption of the device. Typically, these two problems are treated separately,

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Design of Nanostructured Solar Cells Using Coupled Optical and Electrical Modeling - eScholarship

In this paper, we theoretically investigate the effect of an external magnetic field on the properties of photonic band structures in two-dimensional n-doped semiconductor photonic crystals. We used the frequency-dependent plane wave expansion method. The numerical results reveal that the external magnetic field has a significant effect on the permittivity of the semiconductor materials. Therefore, the photonic band structures can be strongly tuned and controlled. The proposed structure is a good candidate for many applications, including filters, switches, and modulators in optoelectronics and microwave devices.

Tunability of two dimensional n-doped semiconductor photonic crystals based on the Faraday effect.

Believing that the detection of hemoglobin possesses a vital role in the discovery of many diseases, we present in this work a simple method for sensing and detecting hemoglobin based on one-dimensional photonic crystals. Implementing hemoglobin as a defect layer inside the proposed photonic crystal results in a resonant peak evolving within the bandgaps. The strong dependence of these resonant peaks on concentration and the consequent refractive index are the essential bases of the detection process. The role played by these parameters together with the angle of incidence on performance and efficiency of our sensor is demonstrated. In the vicinity of the investigated results, we demonstrate the values of sensitivity, figure of merit (FOM), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and resolution to optimize the performance of our sensor. The numerical results show a significant effect of polarization mode on performance of this sensor. For TE polarization with an angle of incidence equal to 45°, we investigated sensitivity of 167nmRIU-1, SNR of 0.23, FOM of 0.63RIU-1, and resolution of 257 nm.

Detection and sensing of hemoglobin using one-dimensional binary photonic crystals comprising a defect layer

In this paper, using the two-fluid model and the characteristic matrix method, we investigate the transmission characteristics of the one-dimensional photonic crystal. Our structure composed of the layers of low-temperature superconductor material ( NbN ) and double-negative metamaterial. We target studying the effect of many parameters such as the thickness of the superconductor material, the thickness of the metamaterial layer, and the operating temperature. We show that the cut-off frequency can be tuned efficiently by the operating temperature as well as the thicknesses of the constituent materials.

Analysis of cutoff frequency in a one-dimensional superconductor-metamaterial photonic crystal

By employing the characteristics matrix method, we have investigated the transmission properties of one-dimensional dielectric–semiconductor metamaterial photonic crystals (PC) at Terahertz (THz) range theoretically. The numerical results show the appearance of cutoff frequency within THz range. Furthermore, the thicknesses of the constituents materials and the filling factor have a significant effect on the cutoff frequency. The proposed structure may be useful in many applications, particularly in THz frequency regions.

Cutoff frequency in metamaterials photonic crystals within Terahertz frequencies

We present the transmittance of two types of one-dimensional periodic structures. The first type of structure consists of alternating layers of a dielectric material. The second type of structure consists of alternating layers of a dielectric material and a superconductor whose dielectric properties are described by the two-fluid model. The variance of the intensity and the bandwidth of the transmittance are strongly dependent on the thicknesses, temperature, and frequencies. We have compared the transmittance spectra and present some details about the two types of structure. In the first type, we will make a comparison between the optical properties of the high temperature superconducting photonic crystal (HTScPC) by using the YBa2Cu3O7 as a superconductor layer with SrTiO3 as a dielectric layer. The second type consists of the dielectric photonic crystals (DPCs) and Al2O3 or MgO with SrTiO3 within the ultra-violet region. The comparison obtained according to the difference of the thickness of SrTiO3 and the variance of the number of periods. The common result is changed in the number of PBGs within the UV range.

Hussein A. Elsayed

Papers

Tunability of two dimensional n-doped semiconductor photonic crystals based on the Faraday effect.

Detection and sensing of hemoglobin using one-dimensional binary photonic crystals comprising a defect layer

Analysis of cutoff frequency in a one-dimensional superconductor-metamaterial photonic crystal

Cutoff frequency in metamaterials photonic crystals within Terahertz frequencies

Dielectric and Superconducting Photonic Crystals