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Hyeong Rok Kim

Bio: Hyeong Rok Kim is an academic researcher from Chonnam National University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Colorectal cancer & Survival rate. The author has an hindex of 32, co-authored 142 publications receiving 3580 citations.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Male sex, low anastomosis, preoperative chemoradiation, advanced tumor stage, perioperative bleeding, and multiple firings of the linear stapler increased the risk of AL after laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer.
Abstract: Objective:To assess the risk factors for clinical anastomotic leakage (AL) in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer.Background:Little data are available about risk factors for AL after laparoscopic rectal cancer resection.Methods:This was a retrospective analysis of 1609 patient

337 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Genome-wide association analyses based on whole-genome sequencing and imputation identify 40 new risk variants for colorectal cancer, including a strongly protective low-frequency variant at CHD1 and loci implicating signaling and immune function in disease etiology.
Abstract: To further dissect the genetic architecture of colorectal cancer (CRC), we performed whole-genome sequencing of 1,439 cases and 720 controls, imputed discovered sequence variants and Haplotype Reference Consortium panel variants into genome-wide association study data, and tested for association in 34,869 cases and 29,051 controls. Findings were followed up in an additional 23,262 cases and 38,296 controls. We discovered a strongly protective 0.3% frequency variant signal at CHD1. In a combined meta-analysis of 125,478 individuals, we identified 40 new independent signals at P < 5 × 10-8, bringing the number of known independent signals for CRC to ~100. New signals implicate lower-frequency variants, Kruppel-like factors, Hedgehog signaling, Hippo-YAP signaling, long noncoding RNAs and somatic drivers, and support a role for immune function. Heritability analyses suggest that CRC risk is highly polygenic, and larger, more comprehensive studies enabling rare variant analysis will improve understanding of biology underlying this risk and influence personalized screening strategies and drug development.

324 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A genome-wide association study of CRC in East Asians with 14,963 cases and 31,945 controls and identified 6 new loci associated with CRC risk, which map to genes with established roles in colorectal tumorigenesis.
Abstract: Known genetic loci explain only a small proportion of the familial relative risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). We conducted a genome-wide association study of CRC in East Asians with 14,963 cases and 31,945 controls and identified 6 new loci associated with CRC risk (P = 3.42 × 10(-8) to 9.22 × 10(-21)) at 10q22.3, 10q25.2, 11q12.2, 12p13.31, 17p13.3 and 19q13.2. Two of these loci map to genes (TCF7L2 and TGFB1) with established roles in colorectal tumorigenesis. Four other loci are located in or near genes involved in transcriptional regulation (ZMIZ1), genome maintenance (FEN1), fatty acid metabolism (FADS1 and FADS2), cancer cell motility and metastasis (CD9), and cell growth and differentiation (NXN). We also found suggestive evidence for three additional loci associated with CRC risk near genome-wide significance at 8q24.11, 10q21.1 and 10q24.2. Furthermore, we replicated 22 previously reported CRC-associated loci. Our study provides insights into the genetic basis of CRC and suggests the involvement of new biological pathways.

216 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The impact of CD44 on EMT and invasion of colon cancer cells is evaluated and CD44/EGFR/PI3K-Akt signaling and expression of EMT markers were evaluated using western blotting.
Abstract: The metastatic process involves the migration and invasion of cancer cells throughout the body to produce secondary tumors at distant sites. Through of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cancer cells employ developmental processes to gain migratory and invasive properties. CD44 is the transmembrane adhesion receptor for Hyaluronan (HA) and plays a central role in the remodeling and degradation of HA that leads to cell migration, as well as to cancer invasion and metastasis. CD44 is highly expressed in primary and metastatic colon cancer but lowly expressed in normal tissues. We evaluated the impact of CD44 on EMT and invasion of colon cancer cells. The functional role of CD44 in EMT was determined by the overexpression or knockdown of CD44. CD44 was overexpressed by transfection with plasmid-RT-PCR product and knockdown of CD44 by small hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated depletion of CD44 in SW480 colon cancer cells. Morphological changes were evaluated by confocal laser microscopy in the culture media. The expression of EMT markers (E-cadherin/N-cadherin/vimentin/fibronectin/actin/MMPs) and CD44/EGFR/PI3K-Akt signaling were evaluated using western blotting. The influence of EMT in tumor biology was assessed with proliferation, migration and invasion assays. EMT changes increased in CD44-overexpressing SW480 cells and decreased in CD44 knockdown cells. CD44 activation induced expression of EGFR and activation of phosphatidylinositol 3' kinase (PI3K)/Akt and expression of glycogen synthase kinase-3 β (GSK-3β). In terms of EMT markers, CD44 downregulated E-cadherin expression, upregulated N-cadherin, α-actin, vimentin, fibronectin and MT1-MMP, and inhibited the formation of the membrane-associated E-cadherin-β-catenin complex, which resulted in cell invasion and migration.

141 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Significant predictors of anastomotic leakage include extraperitoneal tumor location and operation length >220 minutes and multivariate analysis, extra peritoneal tumors location andoperation duration >220 Minutes were independently associated with anastOMotic leakage.
Abstract: Background The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the use of fibrin glue as a sealant over an anastomosis is a risk factor for anastomotic leakage after laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery. Methods Prospective data were collected from 223 patients with rectal cancer who underwent laparoscopic resection without defunctioning stoma. Results A total of 104 patients underwent laparoscopic rectal resection, followed by the application of fibrin glue over the stapled anastomosis, while 119 underwent surgery alone. No difference in clinically significant leakage was observed between the fibrin and the nonfibrin groups (5.8% vs 10.9%, P = .169). In multivariate analysis, extraperitoneal tumor location and operation duration >220 minutes were independently associated with anastomotic leakage. Conclusions Significant predictors of anastomotic leakage include extraperitoneal tumor location and operation length >220 minutes. Fibrin glue application over the stapled anastomosis was not found to be significantly associated with anastomotic leakage.

122 citations


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01 Feb 2015
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the integrative analysis of 111 reference human epigenomes generated as part of the NIH Roadmap Epigenomics Consortium, profiled for histone modification patterns, DNA accessibility, DNA methylation and RNA expression.
Abstract: The reference human genome sequence set the stage for studies of genetic variation and its association with human disease, but epigenomic studies lack a similar reference. To address this need, the NIH Roadmap Epigenomics Consortium generated the largest collection so far of human epigenomes for primary cells and tissues. Here we describe the integrative analysis of 111 reference human epigenomes generated as part of the programme, profiled for histone modification patterns, DNA accessibility, DNA methylation and RNA expression. We establish global maps of regulatory elements, define regulatory modules of coordinated activity, and their likely activators and repressors. We show that disease- and trait-associated genetic variants are enriched in tissue-specific epigenomic marks, revealing biologically relevant cell types for diverse human traits, and providing a resource for interpreting the molecular basis of human disease. Our results demonstrate the central role of epigenomic information for understanding gene regulation, cellular differentiation and human disease.

4,409 citations

01 Apr 2012
TL;DR: International experts in cancer prevention analyse global research on diet nutrition physical activity cancer and make public health policy recommendations, the fractions of cancer attributable to potentially modifiable factors are analyzed.
Abstract: physical activity and cancer fact sheet national cancer on this page what is physical activity what is known about the relationship between physical activity and cancer risk how might physical activity be, diet and cancer report american institute for cancer the american institute for cancer research aicr is the cancer charity that fosters research on diet and cancer prevention and educates the public about the results, download resources and toolkits world cancer research downloads for scientists from the wcrf aicr third expert report diet nutrition physical activity and cancer a global perspective, nutritional science university of washington school of public health school of public health nutritional science detailed course offerings time schedule are available for spring quarter 2019, 2019 aicr research conference american institute for about aicr we fund cutting edge research and give people practical tools and information to help them prevent and survive cancer more about aicr, agence fruits et l gumes frais aprifel the global fruit and veg newsletter is a monthly newsletter distributing to 29 countries involved in the promotion of the consumption of fruit and vegetable worldwide, world cancer research fund international we are experts in cancer prevention we analyse global research on diet nutrition physical activity cancer and make public health policy recommendations, the fractions of cancer attributable sciencedirect com a proportion of cancers at many body sites are attributable to potentially modifiable factors no global summaries of the preventable cancer burden have been, who controlling the global obesity epidemic more information obesity and overweight fact sheet who global strategy on diet physical activity and health who global database on body mass index, espen guidelines on nutrition in cancer patients gl nutrition in cancer patients outline o methods o1 basic information o2 methods o3 post publication impact a background a1 catabolic alterations in, un news global perspective human stories un news produces daily news content in arabic chinese english french kiswahili portuguese russian and spanish and weekly programmes in hindi urdu and bangla, recommended community strategies and measurements to table continued summary of recommended community strategies and measurements to prevent obesity in the united states strategies to encourage physical, food as medicine preventing treating the most dreaded food as medicine preventing treating the most dreaded diseases with diet, video resources bc cancer these videos help patients learn about their cancer and its treatment, prostate cancer nutrition and dietary supplements pdq nutrition methods and dietary supplements have been studied for prostate cancer prevention or treatment read about the history of research laboratory, who europe food safety food safety ingestion and handling of contaminated food causes significant illness and death worldwide across the who european region foodborne diseases, creating healthy food and eating environments policy and food and eating environments likely contribute to the increasing epidemic of obesity and chronic diseases over and above individual factors such as knowledge skills, health risks obesity prevention source harvard t h obesity and reproduction obesity can influence various aspects of reproduction from sexual activity to conception among women the association between, top nutrition schools undergraduate degree programs ncr want to know the top nutrition schools and best undergraduate degree programs here we review analyze rank rate them figure out which is best for you , overeating caloric restriction and breast cancer risk by this study analyzes the association of excessive energy intake and caloric restriction with breast cancer bc risk taking into account the individual, calcium what s best for your bones and health the possible increased risk of ovarian cancer high levels of galactose a sugar released by the digestion of lactose in milk have been studied as being, cancer protocol nutrition supplements cancer protocol nutrition supplements herbs enzymes note do not email me unless you would like a personalized protocol free with a suggested donation of 250

2,202 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: With increasing incidence of CRC at younger ages, there is an urgent need to better identify high-risk individuals younger than 50 years, the age when screening typically starts, and aspirin probably confers chemopreventive benefit against CRC.
Abstract: Globally, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer death. Arising through three major pathways, including adenoma–carcinoma sequence, serrated pathway and inflammatory pathway, CRC represents an aetiologically heterogeneous disease according to subtyping by tumour anatomical location or global molecular alterations. Genetic factors such as germline MLH1 and APC mutations have an aetiologic role, predisposing individuals to CRC. Yet, the majority of CRC is sporadic and largely attributable to the constellation of modifiable environmental risk factors characterizing westernization (for example, obesity, physical inactivity, poor diets, alcohol drinking and smoking). As such, the burden of CRC is shifting towards low-income and middle-income countries as they become westernized. Furthermore, the rising incidence of CRC at younger ages (before age 50 years) is an emerging trend. This Review provides a comprehensive summary of CRC epidemiology, with emphasis on modifiable lifestyle and nutritional factors, chemoprevention and screening. Overall, the optimal reduction of CRC incidence and mortality will require concerted efforts to reduce modifiable risk factors, to leverage chemoprevention research and to promote population-wide and targeted screening. Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. This Review provides a comprehensive summary of colorectal cancer epidemiology, with emphasis on modifiable lifestyle and nutritional factors, chemoprevention and screening.

1,138 citations