Preface Acknowledgements Introduction: Modern wind energy and its origins Modern wind turbines History of wind energy Wind characteristics and resources Introduction General characteristics of the wind resource Characteristics of the atmospheric boundary layer Wind data analysis and resource estimation Wind turbine energy production estimates using statistical techniques Overview of available resource assessment data Wind measurements and instrumentation Advanced topics Aerodynamics of wind turbines General overview One-dimensional momentum theory and the Betz limit Ideal horizontal axis wind turbing with wake rotation' Airfoils and general concepts of aerodynamics Momentum theory and blade element theory Blade shape for ideal rotor without wake rotation General rotor blade shape performance prediction Blade shape for optimum rotor with wake rotation Generalized rotor design procedure Simplified HAWT rotor performance calculation procedure Effect of drag and blade number on optimum performance Advanced aerodynamic topics Mechanics and dynamics Wind turbine rotor dynamics Detailed and specialized dynamic models Electrical aspects of wind turbines Basic concepts of electric power Power transformers Electrical machines Power converters Ancillary electrical equipment Wind turbine design Design procedure Wind turbine topologies Materials Machine elements Wind turbine loads Wind turbine subsystems and components Design evaluation Power curve prediction Wind turbine loads Wind turbine subsystems and components Design evaluation Power curve prediction Wind turbine control Overview of wind turbine control systems Typical grid-connected turbine operation Supervisory control overview and implementation Dynamic control theory and implementation Wind turbine siting, system design and integration Wind turbine siting Installation and operation issues Wind farms Wind turbines and wind farms in electric grids Offshore wind farms Operation in severe climates Hybrid electrical systems Wind energy system economics Overview of economic assessment of wind energy systems Capital costs of wind energy systems Operation and maintenance costs Value of wind energy Economic analysis methods Wind energy market considerations Wind energy systems: environmental aspects and impacts Avian interaction with wind trubines Visual impact of wind turbines Wind turbine noise Electromagnetic interference effects Land-use environmental impacts Other environmental considerations Nomenclature Problems Index

Wind energy explained : theory, design, and application

Wind energy explained

Hydrokinetic energy conversion systems and assessment of horizontal and vertical axis turbines for river and tidal applications: A technology status review

Every year the number of installed wind power plants in the world increases. The horizontal axis wind turbine is the most common type of turbine but there exist other types. Here, three different wind turbines are considered; the horizontal axis wind turbine and two different concepts of vertical axis wind turbines; the Darrieus turbine and the H-rotor. This paper aims at making a comparative study of these three different wind turbines from the most important aspects including structural dynamics, control systems, maintenance, manufacturing and electrical equipment. A case study is presented where three different turbines are compared to each other. Furthermore, a study of blade areas for different turbines is presented. The vertical axis wind turbine appears to be advantageous to the horizontal axis wind turbine in several aspects.

Evaluation of different turbine concepts for wind power

Wind energy, together with other renewable energy sources, are expected to grow substantially in the coming decades and play a key role in mitigating climate change and achieving energy sustainability. One of the main challenges in optimizing the design, operation, control, and grid integration of wind farms is the prediction of their performance, owing to the complex multiscale two-way interactions between wind farms and the turbulent atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). From a fluid mechanical perspective, these interactions are complicated by the high Reynolds number of the ABL flow, its inherent unsteadiness due to the diurnal cycle and synoptic-forcing variability, the ubiquitous nature of thermal effects, and the heterogeneity of the terrain. Particularly important is the effect of ABL turbulence on wind-turbine wake flows and their superposition, as they are responsible for considerable turbine power losses and fatigue loads in wind farms. These flow interactions affect, in turn, the structure of the ABL and the turbulent fluxes of momentum and scalars. This review summarizes recent experimental, computational, and theoretical research efforts that have contributed to improving our understanding and ability to predict the interactions of ABL flow with wind turbines and wind farms.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10546-019-00473-0.pdf

Wind-Turbine and Wind-Farm Flows: A Review

Wind energy is the fastest growing alternate source of energy in the world since its purely economic potential is complemented by its great positive environmental impact. The wind turbine, whether it may be a Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) or a Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT), offers a practical way to convert the wind energy into electrical or mechanical energy. Although this book focuses on the aerodynamic design and performance of VAWTs based on the Darrieus concept, it also discusses the comparison between HAWTs and VAWTs, future trends in design and the inherent socio-economic and environmental friendly aspects of wind energy as an alternate source of energy.

I. (Ion) Paraschivoiu

Papers

Wind turbine design with emphasis on Darrieus concept Ion Paraschivoiu