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I.L. Freeston

Bio: I.L. Freeston is an academic researcher from University of Sheffield. The author has contributed to research in topics: Topographic map (neuroanatomy) & Motor cortex. The author has an hindex of 5, co-authored 5 publications receiving 4315 citations.

Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results of the first clinical study using magnetic stimulation show clear central motor pathway slowing in multiple sclerosis patients, and the technique is compared with conventional electrical stimulation.
Abstract: This report describes a novel method of stimulating the motor cortex and deep peripheral nerves in humans. The technique, developed in the Department of Medical Physics of Sheffield University, uses a large pulse of magnetic field to induce currents within the body and is painless. The basic principles of magnetic stimulation are described, and the technique is compared with conventional electrical stimulation. Safety aspects are discussed with reference to established clinical electrical and magnetic procedures. The results of the first clinical study using magnetic stimulation are described and show clear central motor pathway slowing in multiple sclerosis patients.

516 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Evidence for "central" fatigue and the neural mechanisms underlying it are reviewed, together with its terminology and the methods used to reveal it.
Abstract: Muscle fatigue is an exercise-induced reduction in maximal voluntary muscle force. It may arise not only because of peripheral changes at the level of the muscle, but also because the central nervous system fails to drive the motoneurons adequately. Evidence for “central” fatigue and the neural mechanisms underlying it are reviewed, together with its terminology and the methods used to reveal it. Much data suggest that voluntary activation of human motoneurons and muscle fibers is suboptimal and thus maximal voluntary force is commonly less than true maximal force. Hence, maximal voluntary strength can often be below true maximal muscle force. The technique of twitch interpolation has helped to reveal the changes in drive to motoneurons during fatigue. Voluntary activation usually diminishes during maximal voluntary isometric tasks, that is central fatigue develops, and motor unit firing rates decline. Transcranial magnetic stimulation over the motor cortex during fatiguing exercise has revealed focal cha...

3,200 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that in humans there is a system matching action observation and execution that resembles the one recently described in the monkey.
Abstract: 1. We stimulated the motor cortex of normal subjects (transcranial magnetic stimulation) while they 1) observed an experimenter grasping 3D-objects, 2) looked at the same 3D-objects, 3) observed an experimenter tracing geometrical figures in the air with his arm, and 4) detected the dimming of a light. Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were recorded from hand muscles. 2. We found that MEPs significantly increased during the conditions in which subjects observed movements. The MEP pattern reflected the pattern of muscle activity recorded when the subjects executed the observed actions. 3. We conclude that in humans there is a system matching action observation and execution. This system resembles the one recently described in the monkey.

2,195 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: These guidelines provide an up-date of previous IFCN report on “Non-invasive electrical and magnetic stimulation of the brain, spinal cord and roots: basic principles and procedures for routine clinical application” and include some recent extensions and developments.

1,850 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: There is a sufficient body of evidence to accept with level A (definite efficacy) the analgesic effect of high-frequency rTMS of the primary motor cortex (M1) contralateral to the pain and the antidepressant effect of HF-rT MS of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC).

1,554 citations