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Author

I. Toyoshima

Bio: I. Toyoshima is an academic researcher from University of California, Berkeley. The author has contributed to research in topics: Dissociation (chemistry) & Diatomic molecule. The author has an hindex of 1, co-authored 1 publications receiving 292 citations.

Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors defined the heat of adsorption as the energy needed to break the MX2 bond and defined ΔHads as the amount of energy required to do so.
Abstract: One of the important physical-chemical properties that characterizes the interaction of solid surfaces with gases is the bond energy of the adsorbed species. The determination of the bond energy is usually performed indirectly by measuring the heat of adsorption (or heat of desorption) of the gas [1, 2], In order to define the heat of adsorption, let us consider the chemisorption of a diatomic molecule, X2, onto a site on a uniform solid surface, M. The molecule may adsorb without dissociation to form MX2. M represents the adsorption site where bonding occurs to a cluster of atoms or to a single atom. In this circumstance, the heat of adsorption, ΔHads, is defined as the energy needed to break the MX2 bond:

306 citations


Cited by
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Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: The application of density functional theory to calculate adsorption properties, reaction pathways, and activation energies for surface chemical reactions is reviewed in this article, with particular emphasis on developing concepts that can be used to understand and predict variations in reactivity from one transition metal to the next or the effects of alloying, surface structure, and adsorbate-adsorbate interactions on the reactivity.
Abstract: The application of density functional theory to calculate adsorption properties, reaction pathways, and activation energies for surface chemical reactions is reviewed. Particular emphasis is placed on developing concepts that can be used to understand and predict variations in reactivity from one transition metal to the next or the effects of alloying, surface structure, and adsorbate-adsorbate interactions on the reactivity. Most examples discussed are concerned with the catalytic properties of transition metal surfaces, but it is shown that the calculational approach and the concepts developed to understand trends in reactivity for metals can also be used for sulfide and oxide catalysts.

2,131 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compare and discuss recent experimental and theoretical results in the field of H2O-solid interactions, and emphasize studies of low (submonolayer) coverages of water on well-characterized, single-crystal surfaces of metals, semiconductors and oxides.

2,096 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the kinetics and mechanism of CO oxidation on single and mixed oxides are examined, alongside the catalyst structures, in a review of the literature on carbon monoxide over oxide catalysts.
Abstract: Oxidation into CO2 is a major solution to CO abatement in air depollution treatments. The development of catalytic converters led to an extraordinary high number of publications on metal catalysts during the last fifty years. Due to the increasing price of noble metals and to remarkable progresses in oxide syntheses, catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide over oxide catalysts has recently gained in interest, even if some oxides are known to present remarkable activity since the beginning of the 20th century. In this Review, the kinetics and mechanism of CO oxidation on single and mixed oxides are examined, alongside the catalyst structures

821 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The mechanism of the water-gas shift reaction for both copper/zinc oxide/alumina and iron oxide/chromium oxide catalysts was discussed in this article, where the associative and regenerative mechanisms were presented and the evidence concerning each mechanism was critically reviewed.

484 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that copper nanoparticles supported on glassy carbon (n-Cu/C) achieve up to 4 times greater methanation current densities compared to high-purity copper foil electrodes, which represents a first step toward the preparation of practical meethanation catalysts that can be incorporated into membrane-electrode assemblies in electrolyzers.
Abstract: Although the vast majority of hydrocarbon fuels and products are presently derived from petroleum, there is much interest in the development of routes for synthesizing these same products by hydrogenating CO2. The simplest hydrocarbon target is methane, which can utilize existing infrastructure for natural gas storage, distribution, and consumption. Electrochemical methods for methanizing CO2 currently suffer from a combination of low activities and poor selectivities. We demonstrate that copper nanoparticles supported on glassy carbon (n-Cu/C) achieve up to 4 times greater methanation current densities compared to high-purity copper foil electrodes. The n-Cu/C electrocatalyst also exhibits an average Faradaic efficiency for methanation of 80% during extended electrolysis, the highest Faradaic efficiency for room-temperature methanation reported to date. We find that the level of copper catalyst loading on the glassy carbon support has an enormous impact on the morphology of the copper under catalytic con...

431 citations