scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Author

Ian Smith

Bio: Ian Smith is an academic researcher from Georgia Institute of Technology. The author has contributed to research in topics: User interface & User interface design. The author has an hindex of 11, co-authored 17 publications receiving 1083 citations. Previous affiliations of Ian Smith include Georgia Institute of Technology College of Computing.

Papers
More filters
Proceedings ArticleDOI
16 Nov 1996
TL;DR: This paper describes a fundamental dual tradeoff that occurs in systems supporting awareness for distributed work groups, and presents several specific new techniques which illustrate good compromise points within this tradeoff space.
Abstract: This paper describes a fundamental dual tradeoff that occurs in systems supporting awareness for distributed work groups, and presents several specific new techniques which illustrate good compromise points within this tradeoff space. This dual tradeoff is between privacy and awareness, and between awareness and disturbance. Simply stated, the more information about oneself that leaves your work area, the more potential for awareness of you exists for your colleagues. Unfortunately, this also represents the greatest potential for intrusion on your privacy. Similarly, the more information that is received about the activities of colleagues, the more potential awareness we have of them. However, at the same time, the more information we receive, the greater the chance that the information will become a disturbance to our normal work. This dual tradeoff seems to be a fundamental one. However, by carefully examining awareness problems in the light of this tradeoff it is possible to devise techniques which expose new points in the design space. These new points provide different types and quantities of information so that awareness can be achieved without invading the privacy of the sender, or creating a disturbance for the receiver. This paper presents four such techniques, each based on a careful selection of the information transmitted.

376 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Mar 1996
TL;DR: This program places the user in a virtual cafe, composed primarily of digital video clips of actors involved in fictional conversations in the cafe, and offers dynamic opportunities of interaction via temporal, spatio-temporal and textual links to present alternative narratives.
Abstract: HyperCafe is an experimental hypermedia prototype, developed as an illustration of a general hypervideo system. This program places the user in a virtual cafe, composed primarily of digital video clips of actors involved in fictional conversations in the cafe; HyperCafe allows the user to follow different conversations, and offers dynamic opportunities of interaction via temporal, spatio-temporal and textual links to present alternative narratives. Textual elements are also present in the form of explanatory text, contradictory subtitles, and intruding narratives. Based on our work with HyperCafe, we discuss the components and a framework for hypervideo structures, along with the underlying aesthetic considerations.

166 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1995
TL;DR: A confederation of tools that combine to support the real-time capture of and subsequent access to informal collaborative activities, called Coral, which involves frequent discussion and decision-making meetings and later access of the captured records of those meetings to produce accurate documentation.
Abstract: This paper presents a confederation of tools, called Coral, that combine to support the real-time capture of and subsequent access to informal collaborative activities. The tools provide the means to initiate digital multimedia recordings, a variety of methods to index those recordings, and ways to retrieve the indexed material in other settings. The current system emerged from a convergence of the WhereWereWe multimedia work, the Tivoli LiveBoard application, and the Inter-Language Unification distributed-object programming infrastructure. We are working with a specific user community and application domain, which has helped us shape a particular, demonstrably useful, configuration of tools and to get extensive real-world experience with them. This domain involves frequent discussion and decision-making meetings and later access of the captured records of those meetings to produce accurate documentation. Several aspects of Coral--the application tools, the architecture of the confederation, and the multimedia infrastructure--are described.

153 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A generic framework to structure and dynamically present a new form of video- and text-based media called hypervideo is proposed, and an experimental hypermedia work, HyperCafe, is produced to illustrate the general properties and aesthetic techniques possible in such a medium.
Abstract: A formal methodology is needed to integrate and exchange spatial and temporal properties in hypermedia and hypertext. We propose a generic framework to structure and dynamically present a new form of video- and text-based media called hypervideo. We developed a Hypervideo Engine and produced an experimental hypermedia work, HyperCafe, to illustrate the general properties and aesthetic techniques possible in such a medium.

73 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1995
TL;DR: A new audio processing technique is presented that allows users of a media space to maintain awareness of conversations that they are not directly involved in, without demanding much of their attention, nor violating the privacy of their coworkers.
Abstract: Media spaces are systems designed to use audio, video, and other media to create shared "spaces" in which distributed work groups can operate smoothly and conveniently. This paper presents a new audio processing technique that allows users of a media space to maintain awareness of conversations that they are not directly involved in, without demanding much of their attention, nor violating the privacy of their coworkers. The technique works by processing speech signals into non-speech signals which none the less retain important characteristics of the original speech (such as volume profile and various characteristics of the original speaker such as typical overall frequency distribution). This technique has applications to general awareness in media spaces, as well as to specialized circumstances such as a facility to quickly "stick your head into someone's office" to see if they can be interrupted (without violating their privacy).

58 citations


Cited by
More filters
Proceedings Article
06 Jan 1998
TL;DR: The design of a project memory system that overcomes the barriers to capturing informal knowledge is explored, including the use of a display system that captures the key issues and ideas during meetings.
Abstract: nowledge management is an essential capability in the emerging knowledge economy. In particular, organizations have a valuable asset in the informal knowledge that is the daily currency of their knowledge workers, but this asset usually lives only in the collective human memory, and thus is poorly preserved and managed. There are significant technical and cultural barriers to capturing informal knowledge and making it explicit. Groupware tools such as E-mail and Lotus NotesTM tend to make informal knowledge explicit, but they generally fail to create an accessible organizational memory. On the other hand, attempts to build organizational memory systems have generally failed because they required additional documentation effort with no clear short term benefit, or, like groupware, they did not provide an effective index or structure to the mass of information collected in the system. This paper explores the design of a project memory system that overcomes the barriers to capturing informal knowledge. The key component of this design is the use of a display system that captures the key issues and ideas during meetings. The emphasis in this approach is on improving K This paper was originally written several years ago. Since then, there have been many important papers and books published including Dialogue Mapping: Building Shared Understanding of Wicked Problems, Jeff Conklin, Ph.D. Link to Dialogue Mapping book.

2,156 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Cyberguide project is presented, in which the authors are building prototypes of a mobile context‐aware tour guide that is used to provide more of the kind of services that they come to expect from a real tour guide.
Abstract: Future computing environments will free the user from the constraints of the desktop. Applications for a mobile environment should take advantage of contextual information, such as position, to offer greater services to the user. In this paper, we present the Cyberguide project, in which we are building prototypes of a mobile context-aware tour guide. Knowledge of the user's current location, as well as a history of past locations, are used to provide more of the kind of services that we come to expect from a real tour guide. We describe the architecture and features of a variety of Cyberguide prototypes developed for indoor and outdoor use on a number of different hand-held platforms. We also discuss the general research issues that have emerged in our context-aware applications development in a mobile environment.

1,659 citations

BookDOI
31 Aug 2011
TL;DR: This highly anticipated new edition provides a comprehensive account of face recognition research and technology, spanning the full range of topics needed for designing operational face recognition systems, as well as offering challenges and future directions.
Abstract: This highly anticipated new edition provides a comprehensive account of face recognition research and technology, spanning the full range of topics needed for designing operational face recognition systems. After a thorough introductory chapter, each of the following chapters focus on a specific topic, reviewing background information, up-to-date techniques, and recent results, as well as offering challenges and future directions. Features: fully updated, revised and expanded, covering the entire spectrum of concepts, methods, and algorithms for automated face detection and recognition systems; provides comprehensive coverage of face detection, tracking, alignment, feature extraction, and recognition technologies, and issues in evaluation, systems, security, and applications; contains numerous step-by-step algorithms; describes a broad range of applications; presents contributions from an international selection of experts; integrates numerous supporting graphs, tables, charts, and performance data.

1,609 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Feb 2004
TL;DR: This paper suggests that the representational stance implied by conventional interpretations of “context” misinterprets the role of context in everyday human activity, and proposes an alternative model that suggests different directions for design.
Abstract: The emergence of ubiquitous computing as a new design paradigm poses significant challenges for human-computer interaction (HCI) and interaction design. Traditionally, HCI has taken place within a constrained and well-understood domain of experience—single users sitting at desks and interacting with conventionally-designed computers employing screens, keyboards and mice for interaction. New opportunities have engendered considerable interest in “context-aware computing”—computational systems that can sense and respond to aspects of the settings in which they are used. However, considerable confusion surrounds the notion of “context”—what it means, what it includes and what role it plays in interactive systems. This paper suggests that the representational stance implied by conventional interpretations of “context” misinterprets the role of context in everyday human activity, and proposes an alternative model that suggests different directions for design.

1,557 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Everyday computing is proposed, a new area of applications research, focussed on scaling interaction with respect to time, just as pushing the availiability of computing away from the traditional desktop fundamentally changes the relationship between humans and computers.
Abstract: The proliferation of computing into the physical world promises more than the ubiquitous availability of computing infrastructure; it suggest new paradigms of interaction inspired by constant access to information and computational capabilities. For the past decade, application-driven research on abiquitous computing (ubicomp) has pushed three interaction themes:natural interfaces, context-aware applications,andautomated capture and access. To chart a course for future research in ubiquitous computing, we review the accomplishments of these efforts and point to remaining research challenges. Research in ubiquitious computing implicitly requires addressing some notion of scale, whether in the number and type of devices, the physical space of distributed computing, or the number of people using a system. We posit a new area of applications research, everyday computing, focussed on scaling interaction with respect to time. Just as pushing the availiability of computing away from the traditional desktop fundamentally changes the relationship between humans and computers, providing continuous interaction moves computing from a localized tool to a constant companion. Designing for continous interaction requires addressing interruption and reumption of intreaction, representing passages of time and providing associative storage models. Inherent in all of these interaction themes are difficult issues in the social implications of ubiquitous computing and the challenges of evaluating> ubiquitious computing research. Although cumulative experience points to lessons in privacy, security, visibility, and control, there are no simple guidelines for steering research efforts. Akin to any efforts involving new technologies, evaluation strategies form a spectrum from technology feasibility efforts to long-term use studies—but a user-centric perspective is always possible and necessary

1,541 citations