Ibrahim A. Ismail

Bio: Ibrahim A. Ismail is an academic researcher from University of Khartoum. The author has contributed to research in topics: Vertical dimension of occlusion & Subjective well-being. The author has an hindex of 3, co-authored 9 publications receiving 46 citations.

Determination of occlusal vertical dimension for complete dentures patients: an updated review.

Abstract: Determination of the occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) is an integral part of complete dentures fabrication Due to the lack of teeth, the clinician faces the challenge of how to accurately establish the OVD of the new denture Therefore, the purpose of this review article was to present, discuss and critique the available methods used in determining the OVD for complete dentures patients This review identified two main streams to determine the OVD: (i) pre-extraction methods and (ii) post-extraction methods For the pre-extraction methods, the OVD of the natural dentition is transferred to the new dentures mainly by intra-oral measurements, profile tracing and cephalometric analysis The post-extraction methods rely on mandibular rest position, facial aesthetic appearance, swallowing pattern, craniofacial landmarks measurements, cephalometric analysis, phonetics and existing dentures In general, all the available techniques have merits and are helpful for routine clinical use However, they are empirical in nature, controversial and lack the scientific support Further, there is no single accurate method for OVD determination To overcome the limitations of the techniques, the clinician will benefit from applying combination of techniques to approximate the OVD

Perception of orofacial appearance among laypersons with diverse social and demographic status.

Abstract: Background The perception of dentofacial esthetics differs considerably between patients and dentists. Patient’s expectations regarding his/her esthetics are important and should be assessed ahead of any planning of esthetic treatment. The aim of this study was to explore the differences in perception of orofacial appearance by laypersons with different social and demographic status. Materials and methods Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to 400 subjects. The questionnaire comprised three parts; the first part addressed the demographic variables. The second part queried about dental prosthesis, orthognathic or plastic surgery, and/or ongoing or previous orthodontic treatment. The third part included the Arabic version of the-8-item Orofacial Esthetic Scale (OES-Ar) whose responses were scored in the 5-point Likert scale. These scores were compared by different grouping factors (age, gender, marital status, and education) using non-parametric Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal Willis tests with 95% confidence interval (α > 0.05). Results A total of 268 questionnaires were eligible for analysis, representing 67% response rate. The satisfaction with facial profile appearance was the highest (4.0±1.1) followed by facial appearance (3.9±1.1), while the color of teeth was the least satisfying item (3.1±1.3). No significant differences were found between age groups for the mean summary score as well as for each item independently. No significant difference was found between both sexes except for the last item “overall impression”. Married subjects rated one item (alignment of teeth) better than their counterparts. Positive perception of orofacial appearance increased significantly with the increase of education level, the perception of the oral health status, and the perception of the general health status. Conclusion Good oral health and/or high education level are significant determinants of more positive perception of orofacial esthetic appearance. Patients with these characteristics might be more concerned about their orofacial appearance, and this should be taken into consideration before planning any esthetic restorative dental treatment.

Effect of Commonly Consumed Beverages on Color Stability of Polymethyl Methacrylate Denture Base Material

Abstract: Color change of prosthodontic materials may result in patient dissatisfaction and additional expenses for replacement. This study aimed to determine the effect of daily-consumed beverages (tea, coffee, and Pepsi®) on the color stability of two types of heat-cured acrylic resin denture base materials (Hiflex-H and DPI® Heat Cure). A total of 136 disc samples were prepared as per manufacturer instructions and divided into two main groups of 68 discs of each type (20 mm ± 0.1 mm in diameter and 3 mm ± 0.1 mm in thickness), according to the acrylic resins, and stored in distilled water for 24 hours. Each group was subdivided into four groups according to the three beverages types and distilled water (as a control). Specimens were scanned (computer analysis) three times after consumption of the beverage: 0 day (T0), 15 days (T1), and 30 days (T2). The International Commission on Illumination was used to determine the mean color change (ΔE). The most color change was apparent with tea after 30 days (ΔE = 39.21) when compared to specimens stored in distilled water (ΔE = 1.43). DPI Heat Cure acrylic resin showed more color change compared to Hiflex-H acrylic resin. When computing color change (ΔE) to NBS (National Bureau of Standards), appreciable to very much change in color was apparent with the three staining beverages compared to slight and noticeable color change with distilled water. By increasing the time of the experiment, significant increase in the mean color was observed. Tea immersion showed the greatest color changes (very much change in color, per NBS), followed by Pepsi and coffee. Increasing the immersion period increased the staining result.

Psychometric Properties of the Croatian version of the Orofacial Esthetic Scale

Abstract: Objectives: To develop a Croatian version of the Orofacial Esthetic Scale (OES) and test the psychometric properties. Methods: OES is the 8- item instrument for measuring self-reported orofacial esthetics in patients with prosthodontics concerns. The questionnaire was designed to be used as a stand-alone instrument to measure direct esthetic impacts. The English version of the OES (0-10) was translated into Croatian language according to the accepted methods(forward-backward method). The original 11 point scale, as well as the 5 point scale (1=unsatisfactory, 5=excellent) were used. Convergent validity was tested on 126 subjects, and discriminative validity on the same subjects divided into 4 groups: patients esthetically normal (n=25), patients esthetically impaired (n=42), controls esthetically normal (n=37), and controls esthetically impaired (n=22). Test-retest reliability was tested on 43 subjects. Responsiveness was tested on 32 esthetically impaired patients (P-EI) who received prosthodontic treatment. Results: Additional explanation was added to the first two items of the OES. Convergent validity was confirmed by the association between the OES scores and the self- reported oral esthetics and the 3 OHIP questions related to esthetics (correlation coefficients ranged from 0.734 to 0.811, P 0.05). The 0-10 OES scale showed significant differences for the third and the eighth question (P<0.01). Internal consistency showed high Cronbach α (0.802-0.962). Responsiveness was confirmed by a significant difference between the baseline and follow-up (P<0.001) and a high effect size. Conclusions: Psychometric properties of OES-CRO render the instrument suitable for the assessment of esthetics in Croatia.We recommend changing the first two items by adding explanation that questions are related to the lower third of the face and the five point scale for rating.

Determination of occlusal vertical dimension for complete dentures patients: an updated review.

Abstract: Determination of the occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) is an integral part of complete dentures fabrication Due to the lack of teeth, the clinician faces the challenge of how to accurately establish the OVD of the new denture Therefore, the purpose of this review article was to present, discuss and critique the available methods used in determining the OVD for complete dentures patients This review identified two main streams to determine the OVD: (i) pre-extraction methods and (ii) post-extraction methods For the pre-extraction methods, the OVD of the natural dentition is transferred to the new dentures mainly by intra-oral measurements, profile tracing and cephalometric analysis The post-extraction methods rely on mandibular rest position, facial aesthetic appearance, swallowing pattern, craniofacial landmarks measurements, cephalometric analysis, phonetics and existing dentures In general, all the available techniques have merits and are helpful for routine clinical use However, they are empirical in nature, controversial and lack the scientific support Further, there is no single accurate method for OVD determination To overcome the limitations of the techniques, the clinician will benefit from applying combination of techniques to approximate the OVD

Prosthodontic Treatment in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders and Orofacial Pain and/or Bruxism: A Review of the Literature

Abstract: Temporomandibular disorders are a group of conditions affecting the temporomandibular joints, the jaw muscles, and related structures. Patients with temporomandibular signs and/or symptoms frequently present with indications for prosthetic treatment. The management of these patients aims to achieve patient comfort, occlusal stability, and the complex restoration of the teeth. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the relationship between prosthodontics and temporomandibular disorders and/or bruxism with a focus on the cause-and-effect implications and the strategies for planning prosthetic treatments in patients with temporomandibular disorders and/or bruxism.

CAD/CAM Complete Denture Resins: An In Vitro Evaluation of Color Stability.

Abstract: PURPOSE To evaluate the color stability of CAD/CAM complete denture resins. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 176 resin specimens were manufactured from conventional heat-polymerizing (pink: CON$_{HCP}$ : n = 16; tooth-shade: CON$_{HCT}$ : n = 16), CAD/CAM subtractively manufactured (pink: WI$_{MP}$ : n = 16, AV$_{MP}$ : n = 16, ME$_{MP}$ : n = 16, PO$_{MP}$ : n = 16; tooth-shade: AV$_{MT}$ : n = 16, ME$_{MT}$ : n = 16, PO$_{MT}$ : n = 16), and additively manufactured (pink: ND$_{RPP}$ : n = 16; tooth-shade: ND$_{RPT}$ : n = 16) denture resins; four different aging processes (thermal cycling, distilled water, red-wine, and coffee) were used. A spectrophotometer evaluated the color change (ΔE) using two modes of measurements (specular component included (ΔE$_{SCI}$ ) and specular component excluded (ΔE$_{SCE}$ )) recorded at baseline (T$_{0}$ ) and at day#30 (T$_{30}$ ). ANOVA and post hoc tests were used for statistical analysis (alpha = 0.05). RESULTS Additively manufactured resins (ND$_{RPP}$ and ND$_{RPT}$ ) demonstrated significant ΔE in comparison to the other groups in all aging media (p < 0.001). WI$_{MP}$ demonstrated higher ΔE$_{SCI}$ in comparison to the other subtractively manufactured groups in distilled water (p < 0.001). In red-wine, AV$_{MT}$ revealed significantly more ΔE$_{SCE}$ than PO$_{MT}$ (p = 0.039). In coffee, the ΔE$_{SCE}$ was higher for CON$_{HCT}$ than ME$_{MT}$ (p = 0.026) and PO$_{MT}$ (p = 0.011). Similarly, in coffee the ΔE$_{SCE}$ for AV$_{MT}$ was higher than PO$_{MT}$ (p = 0.030). CONCLUSION Additively manufactured denture resins demonstrated the maximum color change compared to conventional heat-polymerized and CAD/CAM subtractively manufactured denture resins. Furthermore, CAD/CAM subtractively manufactured denture resins were not inferior to conventional resins in terms of color stability.