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Ilse Smets

Bio: Ilse Smets is an academic researcher from Katholieke Universiteit Leuven. The author has contributed to research in topics: Activated sludge & Fouling. The author has an hindex of 25, co-authored 131 publications receiving 2054 citations. Previous affiliations of Ilse Smets include University of Copenhagen Faculty of Science & Transnational University Limburg.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an overview of optimal adaptive control of (bio)chemical reactors is presented, following the paradigm of the Minimum Principle of Pontryagin, and the derivation of optimal control sequences for fed-batch production processes is briefly revisited.

173 citations

01 Jan 2000
TL;DR: This model which describes the biotransformation processes in a common activated sludge process with N-removal is a valuable tool in a risk assessment environment (designed for the evaluation of wastewater treatment plants facing stricter effluent norms) as well as in on-line (MPC) control strategies.
Abstract: In this paper a strategy is proposed to reduce the complexity of the activated sludge model no. 1 (ASM1) which describes the biotransformation processes in a common activated sludge process with N-removal. The key feature of the obtained reduced model is that it combines high predictive value (all state variables keep their biological interpretation) with very low computation time. Therefore, this model is a valuable tool in a risk assessment environment (designed for the evaluation of wastewater treatment plants facing stricter effluent norms) as well as in on-line (MPC) control strategies. The complexity reduction procedure consists of four steps. In the first step representative input/output data sets are generated by simulating the full ASM1 model. In the second step the ASM1 model is rewritten in state space format with linear approximations of the nonlinear (kinetic) terms. In the third step the unknown parameters in the linear terms are identified based on the generated input/output data. To reduce the amount of parameter sets that have to be identified (to cover the full operation range of the plant), a Multi-Model interpolation procedure is introduced as a last step.

94 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that stable operation of a membrane bioreactor requires a good activated sludge condition and that bioflocculation is a crucial factor within that context and in the tested SRT range (10–30–50 days), a higher SRT contributes to betteractivated sludge bio flocculation and as a consequence, to lower fouling rates.

93 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: 16S rRNA gene sequencing and meta-omics approaches are necessary to further DIET knowledge but are limited in their ability to confirm the occurrence of DIET, and linking interspecies distance, interspecies mixing, and cellular activity to a DIET-based electron transfer model is promising but needs further validation for anaerobic digestion systems.

87 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a strategy is proposed to reduce the complexity of the activated sludge model no. 1 (ASM1) which describes the biotransformation processes in a common activation sludge process with N-removal.

80 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The final objective is to implement wastewater treatment technologies capable of assuring the production of UWTPs effluents with an acceptable level of ARB, to understand the factors and mechanisms that drive antibiotic resistance maintenance and selection in wastewater habitats.

1,808 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The fact that bacteria use this phytohormone to interact with plants as part of their colonization strategy, including phyto-stimulation and circumvention of basal plant defense mechanisms, is highlighted.
Abstract: Diverse bacterial species possess the ability to produce the auxin phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Different biosynthesis pathways have been identified and redundancy for IAA biosynthesis is widespread among plant-associated bacteria. Interactions between IAA-producing bacteria and plants lead to diverse outcomes on the plant side, varying from pathogenesis to phytostimulation. Reviewing the role of bacterial IAA in different microorganism–plant interactions highlights the fact that bacteria use this phytohormone to interact with plants as part of their colonization strategy, including phytostimulation and circumvention of basal plant defense mechanisms. Moreover, several recent reports indicate that IAA can also be a signaling molecule in bacteria and therefore can have a direct effect on bacterial physiology. This review discusses past and recent data, and emerging views on IAA, a well-known phytohormone, as a microbial metabolic and signaling molecule.

1,583 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Various Indicators for Near-Neutral pH Values and Design of pH-Sensitive Cyanine Dyes and Miscellaneous Small Molecule pHi Indicators are presented.
Abstract: 5. Cyanine-Based pHi Indicators 2717 5.1. Design of pH-Sensitive Cyanine Dyes 2717 5.2. Near-Neutral Cyanine-Based pH Indicators 2718 5.3. Acidic Cyanine-Based pH Indicators 2719 6. Miscellaneous Small Molecule pHi Indicators 2719 6.1. Various Indicators for Near-Neutral pH Values 2719 6.1.1. Europium Complex 2719 6.1.2. Fluorene Derivative 2719 6.1.3. 1,4-Dihydroxyphthalonitrile (1,4-DHPN) 2720 6.1.4. 8-Hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid (HPTS) 2720

1,470 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: This is a paid internship where interns work directly to assist the Director of Marketing and Communications on various tasks relating to upcoming GRA events.
Abstract: OVERVIEW The GRA Marketing Internship Program is offered to students who are interested in gaining valuable work experience through efforts in marketing, membership, sales, and events. Interns work directly to assist the Director of Marketing and Communications on various tasks relating to upcoming GRA events. During this internship, students will work a minimum of 10 hours a week and a maximum of 20 hours a week. Students are encouraged to earn credit for their internship, however this is a paid internship. Students interested in obtaining credit for their internship must consult their academic advisor or the intern coordinator at their academic unit.

1,309 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review presents a critical and comprehensive documentation and analysis of the developments in agricultural, environmental, molecular, and physiological studies related to Azospirillum cells, and to Azosphere interactions with plants, based solely on information published between 1997 and 2003.
Abstract: This review presents a critical and comprehensive documentation and analysis of the developments in agricultural, environmental, molecular, and physiological studies related to Azospirillum cells, and to Azospirillum interactions with plants, based solely on information published between 1997 and 2003. It was designed as an update of previous reviews (Bashan and Levanony 1990; Bashan and Holguin 1997a), with a similar scope of interest. Apart from an update and critical analysis of the current knowledge, this review focuses on the central issues of Azospirillum research today, such as, (i) physiological and molecular studies as a general model for rhizosphere bacteria; (ii) co-inoculation with other microorganisms; (iii) hormonal studies and re-consideration of the nitrogen contribution by the bacteria under specific environmental conditions; (iv) proposed Azospirillum as a non-specific plant-growth-promoting bacterium; (v) re-introduction of the "Additive Hypothesis," which suggests involvement of multip...

938 citations