work that qualitative research can often be, especially among researchers who come from similar backgrounds as their participants. Another strength lies in the chapters that are international in focus. The methodological concerns in the United States are not always the concerns in other parts of the world. Chapters bring in data and research experience from the United Kingdom, Australia, and Cyprus in particular. A number of chapters also cover intersecting areas of identities; two chapters focus on religious LGBTQ research and a number layer in racial and ethnic complexities. Perhaps both topics can be given greater space should future editions be planned—work emerging from Africa, Asia, or South America would be especially helpful to researchers interested in populations within these areas. Furthermore, examination of methodological concerns among non-heterosexual U.S. African American or Latino populations could also strengthen coverage of intersecting identities. Some drawbacks of the edited volume are present. First, there appear to be a number of typographical errors in the book’s introduction. Regardless, these errors do not detract from the larger mission of the book. Also, while subsequent chapters are accessible to advanced undergraduates and graduate students, the introductory chapter is written at a level that may alienate some readers. Lastly, greater efforts could be made toward trans-inclusive research methodologies (see for example Meier and Labuski’s Chapter Sixteen in International Handbook on the Demography of Sexuality [2013]). While transgender individuals are not necessarily nonheterosexuals, there are often sizeable proportions of trans people who also identify as gay, lesbian, bisexual, queer, or other identities who also have specific research methodology concerns. Researching Non-Heterosexual Sexualities offers a nice glimpse into the world of research methods that your standard empirical journal article often does not. It is selfreflective and critical in the ways in which we do research in marginalized communities. While we may discuss these issues internally, at conferences, or in personal conversations, it is a welcomed breath of fresh air to hear others grapple with methodological concerns in the (relatively) open air of an academic anthology. This book is a ‘‘behind the veil’’ glimpse into the research world for the graduate student or new faculty interested in starting, or already engaged in, research of sexualities in many fields, including sociology, anthropology, geography, and public health.

The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to Sociology

Constitutional foundations of social and territorial cohesion and the differentiation of public power. The new reading and 25 years of experience with the implementation of certain provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, 1993

The paper deals with particularities of political and legal consciousness of young people in view of a region against the background of the general standpoint of the Russian citizens and Russian youth in questions of the political and legal spheres. The opinion of the young people and citizens of the country as a whole is evaluated based on the results of authors' sociological questionnaire surveys conducted in Jewish autonomous region and questionnaire surveys of the population of Russia conducted by Levada-Center and the Public Opinion Foundation. The political and legal consciousness in a social relations subject is formed under the effect of the entire complex of factors and is determined by the historical, political, economical and other conditions of the subject's life activity. In it, both the emotional and the rational, experience and traditions, moods and stereotypes are interweaved. While performing a number of regulatory, communicative etc. functions, the political consciousness is a kind of indicator that allows understanding, estimating the place and role of this or that subject (population as a whole, a social group, an individual) in politics. Legal consciousness is the most closely associated with the political one. It reflects political and economical interests, knowledge and evaluations of the laws, standards, social relations regulators accepted in the society. OPEN ACCESS 8982 E. LUTSENKO ET AL. Bangun & Lantu, 2014; Rajwani & Liedong, 2015; By & By, 2008). In this sense, it is essential that it is social subject who is the carrier of political and legal consciousness. The political consciousness reflects the political existence, it is an estimation of the opportunity to become a participant of political processes and events and the potential ambition to take part in them (Ward, 2012). Here the ideas about political rights and liberties, understanding of their being guaranteed and of the opportunity to use them can also be referred (Singleton & Straits, 2010). This is a view of the political system as a whole, unlike the legal self-consciousness which is determined by the legal regulation of social relationships (Peacock & Sherman, 2010). The political and legal consciousness influences the regulation of social processes (Spence,1980) and promotes consolidation of the society members on the basis of ideas and values prevailing in the social consciousness. From the viewpoint of social and demographic characteristics, the political and legal consciousness is a unique phenomenon (Bryman, 2012). It begins to form at a rather young age and is prone to change throughout the social subject's life (Biguenet & Schulte, 2010). Certain demographic characteristics associated with this process can hardly be identified, yet, nevertheless, it is youth that is a special social and demographic group in this case. The political and legal consciousness of this group is most actively being filled with images, values and attitudes due to the age-related particularities (Baker, 2011). At this age, the main task is the rise of identification, including the legal and political one. Against the background of separation from the parental family and ambition to be independent, the susceptibility to the ideological \"noise\" becomes dramatically stronger. Actually, a young person just cannot but accept whatever ideas – this is their critical need. The entire question lies in what sort of ideas and to what actions they are going to push the youth (Finn & Zimmer, 2012). On the other hand, the more passive and indifferent the modern youth will be to the political processes in society, the fewer chances the society has for development (Schilder, 1975). It is the young people that are the powerhouse of the future. This is why the authors turned to analyzing the political and legal consciousness of youth within this study.

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Political and Legal Consciousness of Young People in the Region (a Case Study of Jewish Autonomous Region)

Aspects Concerning the Penal Protection of the Freedom of Religious Beliefs

Researchers and practitioners are showing an increasing interest in international legal cooperation against corruption, an issue that is frequently in the spotlight of international discussion, as corruption is the one factor that jeopardizes not only the economic development of a country, but also national welfare systems, governmental power, public trust, and political stability in general. For this reason, the goal hereof is to analyze international law against corruption. Research presented herein utilizes a set of general scientific methods and specific cognition techniques. This paper deals with a retrospective review of global and regional corruption treaties against corruption. The finding is that to date, there are four important conventions that many countries have joined. The research finding is that to date, there are four crucial anti-corruption conventions that most countries have joined. The paper will further highlight the 1999 OECD Convention on Combating Bribery, the 1999 Council of Europe Criminal Law Convention on Corruption, the 1999 Council of Europe Civil Law Convention on Corruption, which deals with civil law as means to combat corruption, and the 2003 UN Convention against Corruption. The conclusions hereto contain the opinion of the authors on how far international law must be invoked when combating corruption.

/pdf/legal-frameworks-for-international-cooperation-against-hpok0cjx4w.pdf

Legal Frameworks For International Cooperation Against Corruption: Retrospective Analysis

The relevance of the paper is associated with a poor theoretical framework and insufficient elaboration of many methodological and procedural questions of the freedom of conscience and religion under the contemporary conditions of Russia. With regard to this, the paper presents a number of general and particular problems of theory, legislation and practice of enforcement thereof pertaining to the criminal liability for crimes against the freedom of conscience, religion and interfaith consent. In Russia which is a multi-religious and multi-national country just like in the entire world, the current situation in freedom of conscience and freedom of religion is characterized as a crisis one, needing a way out as the right for the freedom of conscience and freedom of religion is one of the basic human and civil rights, the enforcement of which playing the pivotal part in the question of human rights as a whole. Disregarding the said right turns such notions as the “state of law” and “civic society” fictitious. The paper views questions associated with the freedom of conscience and religion as an object of criminal law protection: the problems of theory, legislation and law enforcement practice. The aspects of deliberately provocative actions against not only the religious feelings of believers but also the moral principles of the society as a whole have been revealed and analyzed in the work. The materials of the paper are of practical value for specialists in criminal law, social work, for higher education institution students, as well as to everyone interested in the problems of youth.

http://www.eurasianjournals.com/pdf-78759-14819?filename=Freedom of Conscience and.pdf

Ilya Viktorovich Nikitenko

Papers

Freedom of Conscience and Religion as an Object of Criminal Law Protection: The Problems of Theory, Legislation and Law Enforcement Practice

Legal Frameworks For International Cooperation Against Corruption: Retrospective Analysis