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Immo Heinz

Bio: Immo Heinz is an academic researcher from Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. The author has contributed to research in topics: Softwood & Anatomy. The author has an hindex of 3, co-authored 4 publications receiving 1250 citations.
Topics: Softwood, Anatomy, Genus, Tracheid, Atlas (topology)

Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This poster presents a selection of photographs from around the world taken in the period of May 21 to 29, 1997, as well as some of the more recent photographs taken in China and the United States.
Abstract: Pieter Baas – Leiden, The Netherlands Nadezhda Blokhina – Vladivostok, Russia Tomoyuki Fujii – Ibaraki, Japan Peter Gasson – Kew, UK Dietger Grosser – Munich, Germany Immo Heinz – Munich, Germany Jugo Ilic – South Clayton, Australia Jiang Xiaomei – Beijing, China Regis Miller – Madison, WI, USA Lee Ann Newsom – University Park, PA, USA Shuichi Noshiro – Ibaraki, Japan Hans Georg Richter – Hamburg, Germany Mitsuo Suzuki – Sendai, Japan Teresa Terrazas – Montecillo, Mexico Elisabeth Wheeler – Raleigh, NC, USA Alex Wiedenhoeft – Madison, WI, USA

1,308 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Thunen Centre of Competence on the Origin of Timber, Germany has answered more than 1,000 official requests for microscopic wood identification since the implementation of the EUTR in Germany (March 2013) as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: As a contribution to global forest protection international laws and timber regulations are currently enacted, such as the USA Lacey Act, the European Timber regulation (EUTR) and, most recently, the Illegal Logging Prohibition Act in Australia. All such regulations prohibit the import and trade of illegally forested wood and wood products. Regarding these new regulations wood traders are required to exercise “due diligence” including the correct declaration and origin of wood species. The identification of the timber is also important for the assessment of product properties (viz. consumer protection) as lower-grade substitute timbers are imported at a distinctly increasing rate. In the context of these new challenges wood anatomy provides the most valuable support for practical wood identification and is routinely applied in the daily control of wood and wood products. Using light microscopic techniques, up to 100 anatomical characters can be used following the internationally standardized IAWA lists of “Microscopic Features for Hardwood and Softwood Identification”. Overall, the microscopic descriptions of about 8,700 taxa of hardwoods are currently available and documented in several computerized databases, e.g., InsideWood or Commercial timbers (Delta-Intkey-System). By using these important references, the Thunen Centre of Competence on the Origin of Timber, Germany has answered more than 1,000 official requests (including approx. 5,000 specimens) for microscopic wood identification since the implementation of the EUTR in Germany (March 2013).

30 citations

01 Jan 2015
TL;DR: The EUTR-Vortrag as mentioned in this paper is anforderungen an die bestimmung von Holzwerkstoffen und Erfahrungen aus den Prufungen am Thunen-Kompetenzzentrum Holzherkunfte gehalten.
Abstract: Die Vorschriften der EUTR betreffen auch die Hersteller von MDF & Co. In diesem Zusammenhang hat der Erstautor auf dem 4. Grecon-Holzwerkstoffsymposium einen interessanten Vortrag unter dem Titel: Die Europaische Holzhandelsverordnung EUTR - Anforderungen an die Bestimmung von Holzwerkstoffen und Erfahrungen aus den Prufungen am Thunen-Kompetenzzentrum Holzherkunfte gehalten. Darauf basiert der nachfolgende Artikel masgeblich.

2 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
06 Feb 2023-Forests
TL;DR: In this article , the authors have added contributions, grouping features in five blocks (axial tracheids, axial parenchyma, rays, resin canals and mineral inclusions), with special attention to their diagnostic value at the family, genus or species levels.
Abstract: Although conifers have very homogeneous wood anatomical structure, some of their features allow differentiation of genera or groups of genera. Softwood anatomy is reviewed and the authors have added contributions, grouping features in five blocks (axial tracheids, axial parenchyma, rays, resin canals and mineral inclusions), with special attention to their diagnostic value at the family, genus or species levels. The discussion addresses, in axial tracheids: growth rings, intercellular spaces, pit arrangement, presence of scalloped tori, torus extensions, notches, warty layer, organic deposits, helical and callitroid thickenings, bars of Sanio and trabeculae; in axial parenchyma: presence or absence, arrangement and type of transverse end walls; in rays: composition, type of horizontal and end walls and cross-field pitting; in resin canals: epithelium and the presence of normal or traumatic resin canals; and in mineral inclusions: presence or absence. Wood structure is characterised at the family level, discussing the main elements that can be used for diagnosis at the genus level or in groups of genera.

1 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
19 Jul 2017-Nature
TL;DR: The results of new excavations conducted at Madjedbebe, a rock shelter in northern Australia, set a new minimum age of around 65,000 years ago for the arrival of humans in Australia, the dispersal of modern humans out of Africa, and the subsequent interactions ofmodern humans with Neanderthals and Denisovans.
Abstract: The time of arrival of people in Australia is an unresolved question. It is relevant to debates about when modern humans first dispersed out of Africa and when their descendants incorporated genetic material from Neanderthals, Denisovans and possibly other hominins. Humans have also been implicated in the extinction of Australia’s megafauna. Here we report the results of new excavations conducted at Madjedbebe, a rock shelter in northern Australia. Artefacts in primary depositional context are concentrated in three dense bands, with the stratigraphic integrity of the deposit demonstrated by artefact refits and by optical dating and other analyses of the sediments. Human occupation began around 65,000 years ago, with a distinctive stone tool assemblage including grinding stones, ground ochres, reflective additives and ground-edge hatchet heads. This evidence sets a new minimum age for the arrival of humans in Australia, the dispersal of modern humans out of Africa, and the subsequent interactions of modern humans with Neanderthals and Denisovans. Optical dating of sediments containing stone artefacts newly excavated at Madjedbebe, Australia, indicate that human occupation began around 65,000 years ago, thereby setting a new minimum age for the arrival of people in Australia. When did humans first colonize Australia? The date of the initial landing on the continent that is now associated with cold lager and 'Waltzing Matilda' has been highly controversial. Dates from a site called Madjedbebe in northern Australia had put the presence of modern humans in Australia at between 60,000 and 50,000 years ago, but these results have since been hotly contested. Here, the results from a comprehensive program of dating of new excavations at the site confirm that people first arrived there around 65,000 years ago. The results show that humans reached Australia well before the extinction of the Australian megafauna and the disappearance of Homo floresiensis in neighbouring Indonesia.

597 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown here that a majority of the character states of obviously quantitative characters used in lower-level cladistic studies in botany over the last generation are ambiguous even when ingroup variation alone is analyzed.
Abstract: The step in cladistic analysis that has received least attention is delimitation of char- acter states, there usually being little justification for their delimitation. It is generally assumed that states of cladistic characters are discrete, even when variation is quantitative. I show here that a majority of the character states of obviously quantitative characters used in lower-level cladistic studies in botany over the last generation are ambiguous even when ingroup variation alone is analyzed. Consideration of variation in the outgroup may compromize either the states recognized in the ingroup and/or the polarity that they are subsequently assigned. Furthermore, many so- called qualitative characters are based on a quantitative phenomenological base filtered through the reified semantic discontinuities of botanical terminology; such characters face the problems of their more obviously quantitative relatives. Methods for delimiting states within quantitative char- acters are examined. Some produce gaps in the variation by redefining the character, scoring the intermediates in a distinctive fashion, performing phylogenetic analyses within the terminal taxa, or changing the hierarchical level at which the variation is evaluated. Others produce states by manipulation of the statistical properties of the variation of the ensemble of taxa being studied. These latter methods often allow greater resolution of the phylogeny, but at the cost of lowering the significance of the most parsimonious tree. The underlying assumptions of the two sets of methods are briefly analyzed. Problems manifest in the division of continuous variation into char- acter states suggest a reappraisal of the early steps of cladistic analysis; in practice, character states often seem to be delimited in conjunction with developing ideas of the phylogeny, rather than in a step prior to a phylogenetic analysis. It is recommended that character states be delimited by carefully analyzed discontinuities (not necessarily absolute gaps) in the variation, attention having been paid to variation in the outgroup, and that "morphological" characters in general are assumed to be quantitative unless demonstrated otherwise. Explicit justification for the delimitation of char- acter states should be given as a matter of course in all phylogenetic studies.

287 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A monophyletic pantropical group of papilionoid legumes is circumscribed to include all genera previously referred to the tribes Aeschynomeneae and Adesmieae, the subtribe Bryinae of the Desmodieae, and tribe Dalbergieae except Andira, Hymenolobium, Vatairea, and Vatairesopsis.
Abstract: A monophyletic pantropical group of papilionoid legumes, here referred to as the ‘‘dalbergioid’’ legumes, is circumscribed to include all genera previously referred to the tribes Aeschynomeneae and Adesmieae, the subtribe Bryinae of the Desmodieae, and tribe Dalbergieae except Andira, Hymenolobium, Vatairea,and Vataireopsis. This previously undetected group was discovered with phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences from the chloroplast trnK (including matK) and trnL introns, and the nuclear ribosomal 5.8S and flanking internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2. All dalbergioids belong to one of three well-supported subclades, the Adesmia, Dalbergia, and Pterocarpus clades. The dalbergioid clade and its three main subclades are cryptic in the sense that they are genetically distinct but poorly, if at all, distinguished by nonmolecular data. Traditionally important taxonomic characters, such as arborescent habit, free stamens, and lomented pods, do not provide support for the major clades identified by the molecular analysis. Short shoots, glandular-based trichomes, bilabiate calyces, and aeschynomenoid root nodules, in contrast, are better indicators of relationship at this hierarchical level. The discovery of the dalbergioid clade prompted a re-analysis of root nodule structure and the subsequent finding that the aeschynomenoid root nodule is synapomorphic for the dalbergioids.

252 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The preliminary conclusions support the primitive status of aluminum hyperaccumulation, which provides an evolutionary model system for the integration of different biological disciplines, such as systematics, ecology, biogeography, physiology, and biochemistry.
Abstract: Aluminum phytotoxicity and genetically based aluminum resistance has been studied intensively during recent decades because aluminum toxicity is often the primary factor limiting crop productivity on acid soils. Plants that grow on soils with high aluminum concentrations employ three basic strategies to deal with aluminum stress. While excluders effectively prevent aluminum from entering their aerial parts over a broad range of aluminum concentration in the soil, hyperaccumulators take up aluminum in their aboveground tissues in quantities above 1000 ppm; that is, far exceeding those present in the soil or in the nonaccumulating species growing nearby. In between these two extremes are indicator species, representing intermediate responses. A list of aluminum hyperaccumulators in angiosperms is compiled on the basis of data in the literature. Aluminum hyperaccumulators include mainly woody, perennial taxa from tropical regions. Recent molecular phylogenies are used to evaluate the systematic and ...

246 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: To make wood taxonomy easier to apply, some clarity on terminology not covered by the IAWA Committee is provided and a list of microscopic features for softwood identification is produced.

236 citations