語用論(Pragmatics)を考える

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 0 521 82347 1 hardback ISBN 0 521 53032 6 paperback Contents List of tables page vii Preface to the second edition ix Preface to the first edition xii 1 Why a global language? 1 What is a global language? 3 What makes a global language? 7 Why do we need a global language? 11 What are the dangers of a global language? 14 Could anything stop a global language? 25 A critical era 27 2 Why English? The historical context 29 Origins 30 America 31 Canada 36 The Caribbean 39 Australia and New Zealand 40 South Africa 43 South Asia 46 Former colonial Africa 49 Southeast Asia and the South Pacific 54 A world view 59 v Contents

English as a global language

List of figures Preface and acknowledgements Conventions List of abbreviations 1. The framework 2. Prior and current work on semantic change 3. The development of modal verbs 4. The development of adverbials with discourse marker function 5. The development of performative verbs and constructions 6. The development of social deictics 7. Conclusion Primary references Secondary references Index of languages Index of names Index of subjects.

/pdf/regularity-in-semantic-change-42hlchur4l.pdf

Regularity in Semantic Change

A fully updated and expanded second edition of this flagship work, which introduces methodological techniques to carry out analyses of text varieties, and provides descriptions of the most important text varieties in English. Part I introduces an analytical framework for studying registers, genre conventions, and styles, while Part II provides more detailed corpus-based descriptions of text varieties in English, including spoken interpersonal varieties, general and professional written varieties and emerging electronic varieties. Part III introduces more advanced analytical approaches and deals with larger theoretical concerns, such as the relationship between register studies and other sub-disciplines of linguistics, and practical applications of register analysis. A new chapter on EAP and ESP has been added, with new sections on the important differences between academic writing in the humanities and sciences, and a case study on engineering reports as an ESP register and genre. Coverage of new electronic registers has been updated, and a new analysis of hybrid registers has been added.

/pdf/register-genre-and-style-5dgexc09y1.pdf

Register, Genre, and Style

L'article, publie dans Science, sur une des premieres utilisations analytiques de Google Books, fondee sur les n-grammes (Google Ngrams) We constructed a corpus of digitized texts containing about 4% of all books ever printed. Analysis of this corpus enables us to investigate cultural trends quantitatively. We survey the vast terrain of "culturomics", focusing on linguistic and cultural phenomena that were reflected in the English language between 1800 and 2000. We show how this approach can ...

Quantitative Analysis of Culture Using Millions of Digitized Books

In this paper we want to develop a model for the diachronic analysis of speech acts by tracing one particular speech act through the history of English, viz. insults. Speech acts are fuzzy concepts which show both diachronic and synchronic variation. We therefore propose a notion of a multidimensional pragmatic space in which speech acts can be analyzed in relation to neighboring speech acts. Against this background we discuss both the changing cultural grounding in which insults occur and the changing ways in which they are realized. Our data is drawn from the Old English poem Beowulf and the Finnsburh fragment, from Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales and from Shakespeare’s plays, and from a variety of non-literary sources such as personal letters, court records and an internet discussion group. The scale ranges from everyday communication to ritualized behavior. When written materials of the past periods are analyzed, the bias towards the conventionalized insults is evident. Most early examples are found in literary texts and seem to reflect generic conventions of the time and the culture that gave rise to these literary forms.

Diachronic speech act analysis: Insults from flyting to flaming

The future of English linguistics as envisaged by the editors of Topics in English Linguistics lies in empirical studies which integrate work in English linguistics into general and theoretical linguistics on the one hand, and comparative linguistics on the other. The TiEL series features volumes that present interesting new data and analyses, and above all fresh approaches that contribute to the overall aim of the series, which is to further outstanding research in English linguistics.

History of Englishes: New Methods and Interpretations in Historical Linguistics

1. Preface 2. Speech acts now and then: Towards a pragmatic history of English (by Taavitsainen, Irma) 3. Part I. Directives and commissives 4. Directives in Old English: Beyond politeness? (by Kohnen, Thomas) 5. Requests and directness in Early Modern English trial proceedings and play-texts, 1640-1760 (by Culpeper, Jonathan) 6. An inventory of directives in Shakespeare's King Lear (by Busse, Ulrich) 7. Two polite speech acts from a diachronic perspective: Aspects of the realisation of requesting and undertaking commitments in the nineteenth-century commercial community (by Del Lungo Camiciotti, Gabriella) 8. "No botmeles bihestes": Various ways of making binding promises in Middle English (by Pakkala-Weckstrom, Mari) 9. Part II: Expressives and assertives 10. Hal, Hail, Hello, Hi: Greetings in English language history (by Grzega, Joachim) 11. "Methinks you seem more beautiful than ever": Compliments and gender in the history of English (by Taavitsainen, Irma) 12. Apologies in the history of English: Routinized and lexicalized expressions of responsibility and regret (by Jucker, Andreas H.) 13. Part III: Methods of speech act retrieval 14. Showing a little promise: Identifying and retrieving explicit illocutionary acts from a corpus of written prose (by Valkonen, Petteri) 15. Fishing for compliments: Precision and recall in corpus-linguistic compliment research (by Jucker, Andreas H.) 16. Tracing directives through text and time: Towards a methodology of corpus-based diachronic speech-act analysis (by Kohnen, Thomas) 17. Index

Speech acts in the history of english

(2001). Changing Conventions of Writing: The Dynamics of Genres, Text Types, and Text Traditions. European Journal of English Studies: Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 139-150.

Changing Conventions of Writing: The Dynamics of Genres, Text Types, and Text Traditions

THIS ARTICLE discusses present trends in the use of English in Finland, paying attention to the specific sociohistorical character of the country with its long history of Finnish-Swedish bilingualism. It has been argued that the other Nordic countries are developing from EFL to ESL countries; is Finland heading the same way? If so, at what stage is the process? We shall first give a brief overview of the theoretical background and of the historical development of the language situation in Finland. The present state of the use of English is outlined next, with the focus on education and on areas where the danger of domain loss is most imminent. At the end we discuss the ongoing changes in terms of the identity-forming function of language and the present diffusion in which the national language does not necessarily play a traditional role.

Irma Taavitsainen

Papers

Diachronic speech act analysis: Insults from flyting to flaming

History of Englishes: New Methods and Interpretations in Historical Linguistics

Speech acts in the history of english

Changing Conventions of Writing: The Dynamics of Genres, Text Types, and Text Traditions

English in Finland: globalisation, language awareness and questions of identity