We meta-analytically reviewed studies that used the Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology (SIMS) to detect feigned psychopathology. We present weighted mean diagnostic accuracy and predictive power indices in various populations, based on 31 studies, including 61 subsamples and 4009 SIMS protocols. In addition, we provide normative data of patients, claimants, defendants, nonclinical adults, and various experimental feigners, based on 41 studies, including 125 subsamples and 4810 SIMS protocols. We conclude that the SIMS (1) is able to differentiate well between instructed feigners and honest responders; (2) generates heightened scores in groups that are known to have a raised prevalence of feigning (e.g., offenders who claim crime-related amnesia); (3) may overestimate feigning in patients who suffer from schizophrenia, intellectual disability, or psychogenic non-epileptic seizures; and (4) is fairly robust against coaching. The diagnostic power of the traditional cut scores of the SIMS (i.e., > 14 and > 16) is not so much limited by their sensitivity—which is satisfactory—but rather by their substandard specificity. This, however, can be worked around by combining the SIMS with other symptom validity measures and by raising the cut score, although the latter solution sacrifices sensitivity for specificity.

The Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology (SIMS): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

United States veterans of the Iraqi (Operation Iraqi Freedom [OIF]) and Afghanistan (Operation Enduring Freedom [OEF]) conflicts have frequently returned from deployment after sustaining mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and enduring stressful events resulting in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A large number of returning service members have been diagnosed with both a history of mTBI and current PTSD. Substantial literature exists on the neuropsychological factors associated with mTBI and PTSD occurring separately; far less research has explored the combined effects of PTSD and mTBI. The current study employed neuropsychological and psychological measures in a sample of 251 OIF/OEF veterans to determine whether participants with a history of mTBI and current PTSD (mTBI+PTSD) have poorer cognitive and psychological outcomes than participants with mTBI only (mTBI-o), PTSD only (PTSD-o), or veteran controls (VC), when groups are comparable on intelligence quotient, education, and age. The m...

The Effects of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, and Combined Mild Traumatic Brain Injury/Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder on Returning Veterans

The present study extends the validation of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) Response Bias Scale (RBS; R. O. Gervais, Y. S. Ben-Porath, D. B. Wygant, & P. Green, 2007) in separate forensic samples composed of disability claimants and criminal defendants. Using cognitive symptom validity tests as response bias indicators, the RBS exhibited large effect sizes (Cohen's ds = 1.24 and 1.48) in detecting cognitive response bias in the disability and criminal forensic samples, respectively. The scale also added incremental prediction to the traditional MMPI-2 and the MMPI-2-RF overreporting validity scales in the disability sample and exhibited excellent specificity with acceptable sensitivity at cutoffs ranging from 90T to 120T. The results of this study indicate that the RBS can add uniquely to the existing MMPI-2 and MMPI-2-RF validity scales in detecting symptom exaggeration associated with cognitive response bias.

/pdf/further-validation-of-the-mmpi-2-and-mmpi-2-rf-response-bias-54o0ya5ibd.pdf

Further validation of the MMPI-2 and MMPI-2-RF Response Bias Scale: findings from disability and criminal forensic settings

This document is intended as a review of legal and psychiatric factors to offer practical guidance in the performance of forensic evaluations. It is a guideline developed through the participation of forensic psychiatrists who routinely conduct a variety of forensic assessments and who have

http://jaapl.org/content/jaapl/43/2_Supplement/S3.full.pdf

AAPL Practice Guideline for the Forensic Assessment

In recent years, there is an increasing awareness that individuals may purposely feign or exaggerate symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to gain external incentives, including access to stimulant drugs or special academic accommodations. There are vast consequences of undetected feigned ADHD such as substantial costs covered by society for unnecessary assessments and treatments, unjustified occupation of limited medical resources and undermining society’s trust in the existence of the disorder or the effectiveness of treatment. In times of economic crisis and cost savings in the medical sector, the detection of feigned ADHD is of importance. This review briefly describes the research on this topic with an emphasis on the approaches available for detection of feigned ADHD (i.e., self-report questionnaires, personality inventories, cognitive tests used in routine neuropsychological assessment and tests specifically designed for detecting feigned cognitive dysfunction). Promising approaches and measures are available for identifying feigned ADHD but there is an immediate need for further research.

/pdf/detection-of-feigned-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-3ba7ghfy8s.pdf

Detection of feigned attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

본 연구의 목적은 형사사법 현장에서 정신병리의 가장을 탐지하기 위해 고안된 M-FAST(Miller Forensic Assessment of Symptoms Test)를 국내에 소개하고, M-FAST의 신뢰도 및 타당도 검증을 통해 본 검사도구가 국내 표본을 대상으로 꾀병 탐지에 있어 적합한 지를 알아보는데 있다. 이를 위하여 K대학교에서 교양강좌를 수강하는 대학생(n=92), 그리고 국립 법무병원에서 정신감정으로 인해 입원해 있는 범죄자 집단(n=66)의 M-FAST 실시 자료가 분석에 사용되었다. M-FAST 전체 25문항의 내적 일치도는 신뢰도 계수 .90으로 매우 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 M-FAST의 7요인 구조에 대한 확인적 요인 분석이 실시되었다. 한편, MMPI-2 타당도 척도와의 상관관계 분석을 통하여 준거관련 타당도의 증거 또한 확인하였다. 전체 실험 참자가를 꾀병 집단과 솔직 응답 집단으로 재분류하여 M-FAST의 변별력을 살펴본 결과, M-FAST 총점과 모든 하위 척도에서 꾀병 집단이 솔직 응답 집단보다 유의하게 더 높은 점수를 보인 것으로 나타났다. 한편, ROC 분석 결과 M-FAST의 AUC는 .949로, 표준오차는 .017, p<.001, 95% 신뢰구간은 .9151에서 .982의 범위로 나타나 솔직 응답 집단과 꾀병 집단을 M-FAST가 효과적으로 구분하고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, M-FAST 총점의 변별 기준점이 6점이었을 때 예측 정확률은 최대가 되는 것으로 확인되었다.

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Papers

M-FAST(Miller Forensic Assessment of Symptoms Test)의 타당화 연구