Showing papers by "Ivana Marková published in 1998"
TL;DR: The theory of social representations is by now nearly 40 years old as discussed by the authors, and it has its critics, some of them argue that the theory is too loose; others, that it is too cognitive; still others would like to marry the theory either to discourse analysis or to social constructivism(s) and constructionism-or to both of them at the same time.
Abstract: Serge Moscovici's theoretical system of social representations is by now nearly 40 years old; yet, today, various social psychological activities surrounding this field seem to flourish more than ever; much research into social representations is being carried out all over Europe and on other continents; there is a European PhD programme on social representations and communication; there is an association and a network on social representations; and a journal on social representations is in the pipeline. At the same time the theory has its critics; some of them argue that the theory is too loose; others, that it is too cognitive; that it is not clear how the concept of social representation differs from other concepts, say, from attitudes, social cognition, beliefs, stereotypes, and so on; still others would like to marry the theory either to discourse analysis or to social constructivism(s) and constructionism-or to both of them at the same time. Readers of French, in addition, are familiar with Moscovic...
174 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, social representations of the individual are examined in three post-Communist Central European nations, i.e. the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary, and in three West European nations.
Abstract: Social representations of the individual are examined in three post-Communist Central European nations, i.e. the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary, and in three West European nations, i.e. Scotland, England and France. All six nations share a common European history since the Renaissance and Humanism, based on such values as freedom, agency, individual rights and individual responsibility. Many of these values were rejected by the Communist regimes in which people lived for 40 years. Extreme forms of individualism developed in certain West European nations during the same period. In view of these historical events we have asked the following questions: Do people in the post-Communist countries of Central Europe, after 40 years of totalitarian collectivism, still adhere to the values of the common European heritage? What is the meaning of ‘the individual’ today, in Western democracies and in Central European post-Communist nations? Which issues are important for the well-being of the individual and how do they relate to the political and economic circumstances of those individuals? The results show that the values of the common European heritage in Central Europe have not been destroyed and that factors relating to the well-being of the individual differ between the two parts of Europe. These data are discussed in terms of the political and economic situations in Central and Western Europe, the relationship between language and social representations and the structure of social representations. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
55 citations