Showing papers by "Ivana Marková published in 2000"

The Individual and Society in Psychological Theory

Abstract: The first part of this article examines the ontological and epistemological presuppositions of various theories concerned with the interdependence between the individual and society. It shows that ...

Functional memory complaints: hypochondria and disorganization

Abstract: This chapter reviews the clinical features of memory complaints in subjects with no objective memory deficits, and reports in the said group the existence of two syndromes. It suggests a model to explain the 'functional cognitive disorganization' syndrome, and proposes a new way (echoing model) to understand complaints (including memory ones). Research into the concept of memory complaint is beset with conceptual difficulties. In a medical context, 'complaint' refers to utterances conveying negative personal assessments with regard to the functioning and efficacy of a bodily or mental function. The two syndromes are called 'mnestic hypochondria' (seen predominantly in bright, well-educated, obsessional males, with high-achievement motivation, no attentional deficit and marked anxiety) and the 'functional cognitive disorganization' syndrome (seen predominantly in females with low education and intelligence, low anxiety, and chronically dependent upon relevant others for the organization of their cognitive environment).

Paramnesias and delusions of memory

Abstract: With respect to mechanisms underlying paramnesias, Kraepelin was less clear. He mentioned 'alterations of consciousness' which occurred with varying severity and caused a reduced capacity to differentiate between reality and fantasy. During the nineteenth century, the generic term paramnesia was used to refer to a group of clinical phenomena amongst which deja vu, confabulations, and delusions and hallucinations of memory remain the more salient. These phenomena had been known since earlier but it was only after the work of Sander that they began to be considered as 'memory' disorders. In Kraepelin's taxonomy the paramnesias are included as 'qualitative' disorders of memory affecting either recognition or recollection. Deja vu remains a curiosity seen in some forms of epilepsy and occasionally in the normal affected by fatigue. Delusions of memory are occasionally mentioned in the literature but hallucinations of memory have disappeared altogether.