Ivana Marková

Bio: Ivana Marková is an academic researcher from University of Stirling. The author has contributed to research in topics: Dialogical self & Social psychology (sociology). The author has an hindex of 47, co-authored 202 publications receiving 7111 citations. Previous affiliations of Ivana Marková include University of Glasgow & Hacettepe University.

Awareness of memory task impairment versus everyday memory difficulties in dementia.

Abstract: The study investigated different types of awareness of memory dysfunction in dementia, specifically judgements concerning memory task performance or appraisal of everyday memory functioning and also exploring the neuropsychological correlates of such awareness. This was investigated in 76 people with dementia, comprising 46 patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and 30 patients with vascular dementia (VaD). The Memory Awareness Rating Scale (Clare et al., 2002, Neuropsychol Rehabil, 12, 341–362) was used, which includes an Objective-Judgement Discrepancy (OJD) technique involving comparison of subjective evaluation of performance on specific memory tasks with actual performance, and a Subjective Rating Discrepancy (SRD) technique, which compares self versus informant judgement of everyday memory function. The AD and VaD groups showed lower awareness than a normal control group for both types of measures, the AD group showing less awareness than the VaD group on the OJD measure. Regression analyses supported associations for both groups between memory impairment and the OJD measure and between naming impairment and the SRD measure. The findings are discussed intermsof neurocognitive theories accountingfor loss ofawarenessin dementia.

On Thematic Concepts and Methodological (Epistemological) Themata

Abstract: The concept of themata is transdisciplinary, bridging the domains of science and the humanities. Themata are basic elements of thought, usually taking the form of dyadic oppositions. They have several uses, among which a thematic concept and a methodological (epistemological) thema appear to be the most important ones in the theory of social representations. A thematic concept, as used in social representations, refers to the content and transformation of a specific dyadic opposition, for example, moral/immoral or man/woman. A methodological (epistemological) thema is a guiding principle of the discipline, which organizes and directs the issues of study along a specific perspective, for example, along analysis/synthesis or the Self/Other. While acknowledging the importance of a thematic concept, this article will emphasize the methodological or epistemological role of a thema. Specifically, it will focus on the Self/Other as a basic epistemological thema of the dialogical approach in social representations.

Correlates of HIV/AIDS knowledge in a Scottish prison sample

Abstract: A sample of 559 inmates in Scottish prisons were administered a 48-item HIV/AIDS knowledge questionnaire. High levels of HTV-related knowledge were associated with: a history of drug offences, having had an HIV test, knowing someone who has had an UlV test, knowing someone who is HTV seropositive, a history of injecting drug use and having a sexual partner who is also an injecting drug user. Inmates who are objectively at high risk of contracting HIV by virtue of their drug injecting and sexual behaviour are also amongst the most knowledgeable inmates, with regard to HTV/AEDS. Unfortunately, such knowledge does not result in the adoption of risk reduction behaviours. Results are discussed in relation to the heterogeneity of inmate populations and the diversity of their educational needs.

Visual hallucinations: history and context of current research

Abstract: ‘Visual hallucination’ is the name of a class of heterogeneous phenomena which share as a common feature the report that a subject (the ‘hallucinator’) is entertaining a putative ‘visual’ image of something placed in the public space that others cannot see. Hence ‘absence of an object to be seen’ has become part of its conventional definition. ‘Images’ may range from simple dots to complex forms in movement. This chapter will deal only with the latter. The hallucinator’s report can be interpreted as meaning that he is entertaining a visual image or that he only believes that he is so doing, as it might well be the case with psychotic or obsessional hallucinations (Castilla del Pino, 1984; Gimenez, 2000; Fuentenebro and Berrios, 2000). Disambiguating such reports is not always straightforward. On occasions, it can be reasonably claimed that proxy representations of the image in question can be ascertained by technical means (e.g. neuroimaging) as maywell be the case in regard to so-called ‘organic’ or ‘provoked’ visual hallucinations (Berrios, 1985; Manford and Andermann, 1998; ffytche, 2007). However, when the proxy representations are counter-intuitive and merely correlational, that is, when changes do not seem to be related to those brain regions obviously associated with visual perception (as it seems to be the case with some visual obsessional or psychotic hallucinations) (Boksa, 2009) then disambiguation becomes problematic. The possibility that the hallucinator is only expressing the belief that he is entertaining a visual image cannot be easily dismissed (Castilla del Pino, 1984; Gimenez, 2000).

Knowledge of hiviaids and behavioural change of people with haemophilia

Abstract: People with haemophilia have been infected by HIV through blood products required for the treatment of their bleeds. In a recent study in Scotland their knowledge of HIV/AIDS and their behavioural changes were explored. It was found that people with severe haemophilia were better informed about HIV and AIDS than the mildly/moderately affected, bur only the knowledge of precautions in mildly/moderately affected patients was positively associated with their change of sexual practices. Mildly/moderately affected patients, who were less at risk of contracting HIV, reduced their treatment more than the severely affected patients. Only one third of patients applied safe-sex practices and a greater proportion of those who did not were single men, some of them HIV antibody positive.

A Dynamic Theory of Organizational Knowledge Creation

Abstract: This paper proposes a paradigm for managing the dynamic aspects of organizational knowledge creating processes. Its central theme is that organizational knowledge is created through a continuous dialogue between tacit and explicit knowledge. The nature of this dialogue is examined and four patterns of interaction involving tacit and explicit knowledge are identified. It is argued that while new knowledge is developed by individuals, organizations play a critical role in articulating and amplifying that knowledge. A theoretical framework is developed which provides an analytical perspective on the constituent dimensions of knowledge creation. This framework is then applied in two operational models for facilitating the dynamic creation of appropriate organizational knowledge.

Learning by expanding: An activity-theoretical approach to developmental research

Abstract: 1. Introduction 2. The emergence of learning activity as a historical form of human learning 3. The zone of proximal development as the basic category of expansive research 4. The instruments of expansion 5. Toward an expansive methodology 6. Epilogue.

Remembering. A Study in Experimental and Social Psychology, Cambridge (University Press) 1964.

Abstract: Part I. Experimental Studies: 2. Experiment in psychology 3. Experiments on perceiving III Experiments on imaging 4-8. Experiments on remembering: (a) The method of description (b) The method of repeated reproduction (c) The method of picture writing (d) The method of serial reproduction (e) The method of serial reproduction picture material 9. Perceiving, recognizing, remembering 10. A theory of remembering 11. Images and their functions 12. Meaning Part II. Remembering as a Study in Social Psychology: 13. Social psychology 14. Social psychology and the matter of recall 15. Social psychology and the manner of recall 16. Conventionalism 17. The notion of a collective unconscious 18. The basis of social recall 19. A summary and some conclusions.

A review and reformulation of social information-processing mechanisms in children's social adjustment.

Abstract: Research on the relation between social information processing and social adjustment in childhood is reviewed and interpreted within the framework of a reformulated model of human performance and social exchange. This reformulation proves to assimilate almost all previous studies and is a useful heuristic device for organizing the field. The review suggests that overwhelming evidence supports the empirical relation between characteristic processing styles and children's social adjustment, with some aspects of processing (e.g., hostile attributional biases, intention cue detection accuracy, response access patterns, and evaluation of response outcomes) likely to be causal of behaviors that lead to social status and other aspects (e.g., perceived self-competence) likely to be responsive to peer status