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J. F. Keggin

Bio: J. F. Keggin is an academic researcher. The author has contributed to research in topics: Phosphotungstic acid. The author has an hindex of 1, co-authored 1 publications receiving 477 citations.

Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jun 1933-Nature
TL;DR: The structure and formulae of the 12-phosphotungstic acid have been a subject for speculation as discussed by the authors, and Pauling proposed a structure for the molecules of 12-heteropoly acids, which gave the formula of 12phosphotonemic acid as H3[PO4.W12O18(OH)36]nH2O.
Abstract: THE structures and formulae of the heteropoly acids have long been a subject for speculation. In 1929, Pauling1, on theoretical grounds, proposed a structure for the molecules of the 12-heteropoly acids, which gave the formula of 12-phosphotungstic acid as H3[PO4.W12O18(OH)36]nH2O.

501 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the area encompassing modified PFSA membranes, alternative sulfonated polymer and their composite membranes, and acid−base complex membranes is presented. But the authors do not discuss the performance of the composite membranes.
Abstract: The state-of-the-art of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) technology is based on perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) polymer membranes operating at a typical temperature of 80 °C. Some of the key issues and shortcomings of the PFSA-based PEMFC technology are briefly discussed. These include water management, CO poisoning, hydrogen, reformate and methanol as fuels, cooling, and heat recovery. As a means to solve these shortcomings, high-temperature polymer electrolyte membranes for operation above 100 °C are under active development. This treatise is devoted to a review of the area encompassing modified PFSA membranes, alternative sulfonated polymer and their composite membranes, and acid−base complex membranes. PFSA membranes have been modified by swelling with nonvolatile solvents and preparing composites with hydrophilic oxides and solid proton conductors. DMFC and H2/O2(air) cells based on modified PFSA membranes have been successfully operated at temperatures up to 120 °C under ambient pressure...

1,595 citations

Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: The catalytic properties of heteropoly compounds have drawn wide attention, owing to the versatility of these compounds as catalysts, which has been demonstrated both by success in large-scale applications and by promising laboratory results as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter describes the essence of the catalytic chemistry of heteropoly compounds in solution and in the solid state. The catalytic properties of heteropoly compounds have drawn wide attention, owing to the versatility of these compounds as catalysts, which has been demonstrated both by successhl large-scale applications and by promising laboratory results. Heteropolyanions are polymeric oxoanions formed by condensation of more than two different mononuclear oxoanions. Heteropolyanions formed from one kind of polyanion are called isopolyanions. Acidic elements such as Mo, W, V, Nb and Ta, which are present as oxoanions in aqueous solution, tend to polymerize by dehydration at low pH, forming polyanions and water.Heteropoly catalysts can be applied in various ways. They are used as acid as well as oxidation catalysts. They are used in various phases, as homogeneous liquids, in two-phase liquids (in phase-transfer catalysis), and in liquid-solid and in gas-solid combinations, etc.

1,047 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Functionalization via covalent grafting of organic functions allows to tune the redox and acid-base properties, and the solubility of polyoxometalates, to enhance their stability and biological activity and to reduce their toxicity.

799 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Verbindungsklasse der Metall-Sauerstoff-Clusteranionen is nicht nur einzigartig hinsichtlich ihrer topologischen and elektronischen Vielfalt, but also erhebliche Bedeutung fur ganz unterschiedliche Disziplinen as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Die Verbindungsklasse der Metall-Sauerstoff-Clusteranionen ist nicht nur einzigartig hinsichtlich ihrer topologischen und elektronischen Vielfalt — sie hat auch erhebliche Bedeutung fur ganz unterschiedliche Disziplinen. So sind die fruheren Arbeiten auf diesem Forschungsgebiet mit Namen wie Berzelius, Werner und Pauling verbunden. Derartige Cluster (man nennt sie ublicherweise Isopoly- und Heteropolyanionen) enthalten haufig hochsymmetrische, oft angenahert kugelformige Anordnungen von MOx-Einheiten (z. B. M = V, Mo, W), und ihre Strukturen basieren haufig auf Archimedischen und Platonischen Korpern. Letztere sind von betrachtlichem topologischem Interesse. Noch wissen wir nicht, worin eigentlich die Triebkraft zur Bildung solcher polynuclearer Cluster besteht. Polyoxoanionen sind wichtige Modelle zum Verstandnis der biologischen und katalytischen Wirkung von Metall-Chalcogenid-Clustern, da die Metall-Metall-Wechselwirkungen von sehr gering (oder nicht vorhanden) bis stark (Metall-Metall-Bindungen) reichen konnen. Grundsatzlich lassen sich diese Wechselwirkungen durch die Wahl des Metalls (3d, 4d, 5d), durch Veranderung der Elektronenpopulation (Grad der Reduktion) und den Umfang der Protonierung beeinflussen. Gemischtvalente Vanadate konnen beispielsweise nacheinander mehrere Elektronen ohne Spinpaarung aufnehmen, d.h. die magnetischen Eigenschaften dieser Komplexe lassen sich schrittweise uber einen weiten Bereich variieren. Viele Vanadate wirken als Cryptanden oder Clathrat-Wirte fur Neutralmolekule und Kationen, und, was neu ist, auch fur Anionen, wobei meistens ein bemerkenswerter „induzierter Selbstorganisationsprozes” ablauft. Anwendung finden Polyoxometallate in der Analytischen und Klinischen Chemie, in der Katalyse (einschlieslich Photokatalyse), in der Biochemie (Inhibierung von Elektronentransfer-Prozessen), in der Medizin (antitumorale, antivirale und sogar anti-HIV-Aktivitat) und bei der Herstellung von integrierten Schaltungen, alles Gebiete von aktuellem Interesse. Metall-Sauerstoff-Cluster treten auch in der Geosphare — die gemischtvalenten Vanadate ermoglichen ein Verstandnis der uberaus vielfaltigen Geochemie dieses Metalls — und moglicherweise auch in der Biosphare auf. Zwischen der Chemie der Polyoxoanionen und der Thioanionen derselben Elemente bestehen wichtige Unterschiede, die fur die heterogene Katalyse, die Bioanorganische Chemie und die Veterinarmedizin von Bedeutung sind.

448 citations