J. F. Muir

Bio: J. F. Muir is an academic researcher. The author has contributed to research in topics: Aquaculture & Fish farming. The author has an hindex of 4, co-authored 9 publications receiving 404 citations.

Recent Advances In Aquaculture

Abstract: 1 Fisheries Chemotherapy: A Review- 2 Egg Production in the Rainbow Trout- 3 Solar Ultraviolet Radiation: A Potential Environmental Hazard in the Cultivation of Farmed Finfish- 4 Acid Rain: Implications for the Farming of Salmonids- 5 Reproductive Biology and the Hatchery Rearing of Tilapia Eggs and Fry

International Conference on the Sustainable Contribution of Fisheries to Food Security, Kyoto, Japan, 4-9 December 1995 ; organized by the Government of Japan in collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Abstract: not available. 17258. Menna-Barreto, R. F. & de Castro, S. L., 2014. The double-edged sword in pathogenic trypanosomatids: the pivotal role of mitochondria in oxidative stress and bioenergetics. Biomed Research International, 2014: 614014. Laboratorio de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, 21040-360 Manguinhos, RJ, Brazil. [bmri@hindawi.com]. The pathogenic trypanosomatids Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi, and Tsetse and Trypanosomosis Information 24 Leishmania spp. are the causative agents of African trypanosomiasis, Chagas disease, and leishmaniasis, respectively. These diseases are considered to be neglected tropical illnesses that persist under conditions of poverty and are concentrated in impoverished populations in the developing world. Novel efficient and non-toxic drugs are urgently needed as substitutes for the currently limited chemotherapy. Trypanosomatids display a single mitochondrion with several peculiar features, such as the presence of different energetic and antioxidant enzymes and a specific arrangement of mitochondrial DNA (kinetoplast DNA). Due to mitochondrial differences between mammals and trypanosomatids, this organelle is an excellent candidate for drug intervention. Additionally, during the trypanosomatids' life cycles, the shape and functional plasticity of their single mitochondrion undergo profound alterations, reflecting adaptation to different environments. In an uncoupling situation, the organelle produces high amounts of reactive oxygen species. However, the role of these in parasite biology is still controversial, involving parasite death, cell signalling, or even proliferation. Novel perspectives on trypanosomatid-targeting chemotherapy could be developed based on better comprehension of mitochondrial oxidative regulation processes. 17259. Nagle, A. S., Khare, S., Kumar, A. B., Supek, F., Buchynskyy, A., Mathison, C. J., Chennamaneni, N. K., Pendem, N., Buckner, F. S., Gelb, M. H. & Molteni, V., 2014. Recent developments in drug discovery for leishmaniasis and human African trypanosomiasis. Chemical Reviews, 114 (22) 11305-11347. Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, USA. Abstract not available.not available. 17260. Okello, A. L. & Welburn, S. C., 2014. The importance of veterinary policy in preventing the emergence and re-emergence of zoonotic disease: examining the case of human African trypanosomiasis in Uganda. Frontiers in Public Health, 2: 218. Division of Pathway Medicine, Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. [anna.okello@ed.ac.uk]. Rapid changes in human behaviour, resource utilization, and other extrinsic environmental factors continue to threaten the current distribution of several endemic and historically neglected zoonoses in many developing regions worldwide. There are numerous examples of zoonotic diseases which have circulated within relatively localized geographical areas for some time, before emerging into new regions as a result of changing human, environmental, or behavioural dynamics. While the world's focus is currently on the Ebola virus gaining momentum in western Africa, another pertinent example of this phenomenon is zoonotic human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), endemic to southern and eastern Africa, and spread via infected cattle. In recent years, the ongoing northwards spread of this disease in the country has posed a serious public health threat to the human population of Uganda, increasing the pressure on both individual families and government services to control the disease. Moreover, the emergence of HAT into new areas of Uganda in recent years exemplifies the important role of veterinary policy in mitigating the severe human health and economic impacts of zoonotic disease. The systemic challenges surrounding the development and enforcement of veterinary policy described here are similar across sub-Saharan Africa, highlighting the necessity to consider and support zoonotic disease control in broader human Tsetse and Trypanosomosis Information 25 and animal health systems strengthening and associated development programmes on the continent. 17261. Patterson, S. & Wyllie, S., 2014. Nitro drugs for the treatment of trypanosomatid diseases: past, present, and future prospects. Trends in Parasitology, 30 (6): 289-298. Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Sir James Black Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK. [s.z.patterson@dundee.ac.uk]. There is an urgent need for new, safer, and effective treatments for the diseases caused by the protozoan parasites Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi, and Leishmania spp. In the search for more effective drugs to treat these “neglected diseases” researchers have chosen to reassess the therapeutic value of nitroaromatic compounds. Previously avoided in drug discovery programmes owing to potential toxicity issues, a nitro drug is now being used successfully as part of a combination therapy for human African trypanosomiasis. We describe here the rehabilitation of nitro drugs for the treatment of trypanosomatid diseases and discuss the future prospects for this compound class. 17262. Sekhar, G. N., Watson, C. P., Fidanboylu, M., Sanderson, L. & Thomas, S. A., 2014. Delivery of anti-human African trypanosomiasis drugs across the blood-brain and blood-CSF barriers. Advances in Pharmacology, 71: 245-275. King's College London, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, London, UK. [sarah.thomas@kcl.ac.uk]. Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT or sleeping sickness) is a potentially fatal disease caused by the parasite, Trypanosoma brucei sp. The parasites are transmitted by the bite of insect vectors belonging to the genus Glossina (tsetse flies) and display a life cycle strategy that is equally spread between human and insect hosts. T. b. gambiense is found in western and central Africa whereas, T. b. rhodesiense is found in eastern and southern Africa. The disease has two clinical stages: a blood stage after the bite of an infected tsetse fly, followed by a central nervous system (CNS) stage where the parasite penetrates the brain; causing death if left untreated. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) makes the CNS stage difficult to treat because it prevents 98 percent of all known compounds from entering the brain, including some anti-HAT drugs. Those that do enter the brain are toxic compounds in their own right and have serious side effects. There are only a few drugs available to treat HAT and those that do are stage specific. This review summarizes the incidence, diagnosis, and treatment of HAT and provides a close examination of the BBB transport of anti-HAT drugs and an overview of the latest drugs in development. 17263. Torres, F.A.E., Passalacqua, T. G., Velasquez, A. M. A., de Souza, R. A., Colepipolo, P. & Graminha, M. A. S., 2014. New drugs with antiprotozoal activity from marine algae: a review. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 24: 265–276. Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho”, Araraquara, SP, Brazil. [graminha@fcfar.unesp.br]. Tsetse and Trypanosomosis Information 26 The use of indigenous or remote popular knowledge to identify new drugs against diseases or infections is a well-known approach in medicine. The inhabitants of coastal regions are known to prepare algae extracts for the treatment of disorders and ailments such as wounds, fever and stomach aches, as for the prevention of arrhythmia. Recent trends in drug research from natural sources have indicated that marine algae are promising sources of novel biochemically active compounds, especially with antiprotozoal activity. Algae survive in a competitive environment and, therefore, developed defence strategies that have resulted in a significant level of chemical structural diversity in various metabolic pathways. The exploration of these organisms for pharmaceutical and medical purposes has provided important chemical candidates for the discovery of new agents against neglected tropical diseases, stimulating the use of sophisticated physical techniques. This review describes the main substances biosynthesized by benthic marine algae with activity against Leishmania spp., Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma brucei; the causative agents of leishmaniasis, Chagas disease and African trypanosomiasis, respectively. Emphasis is given to secondary metabolites and crude extracts prepared from marine algae. 17264. Vincent, I. M. & Barrett, M. P., 2015. Metabolomic-based strategies for antiparasite drug discovery. Journal of Biomolecular Screening, 20 (1): 44-55. The Glasgow Polyomics Facility and Wellcome Trust Centre for Molecular Parasitology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK. [Isabel.vincent@glasgow.ac.uk]. Metabolomics-based studies are proving of great utility in the analysis of modes of action (MOAs) and resistance mechanisms of drugs in parasitic protozoa. They have helped to determine the MOA of eflornithine, half of the gold standard combination therapy in use against human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), as well as the mechanism of resistance to this drug. In Leishmania, metabolomics has also given insight into the MOA of miltefosine, an alkylphospholipid. Several studies on antimony resistance in Leishmania have been conducted, analysing the metabolic content of resistant lines, and offering clues as to the MOA of this class of drugs. A study of chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum combined metabolomics techniques with other genetic and proteomic techniques to offer new insight into the role of the PfCRT protein. The MOA and mechanism of resistance to a group of halogenated pyrimidines in Trypanosoma brucei have also recently been elucidated. Effective as metabolomics

Simple methods for aquaculture. Management for freshwater fish culture. Ponds and water practices.

Abstract: Simple methods for aquaculture: management for freshwater fish culture ponds and water practices , Simple methods for aquaculture: management for freshwater fish culture ponds and water practices , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی

Pond construction for freshwater fish culture.

Abstract: Pond construction for freshwater fish culture , Pond construction for freshwater fish culture , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی

Oocyte growth and development in teleosts

Abstract: Oocyte growth and development is an important issue in fish and fisheries biology. This paper reviews the information available on oocyte growth patterns and the rates and dynamics of oocyte growth in teleosts. In synchronous spawners, the weight of the gonad may represent as much as 40% of the overall body weight of the fish. In asynchronous spawners, the weight of the mature ovary is considerably less than in synchronous ovulators, but the ovary shows a more regular periodicity and may grow repeatedly many times during the breeding season. There is a huge variability in egg size in teleosts, with the largest known measuring up to 8 cm in diameter. Within the limits of variance set by genetic constraints, egg size may vary between populations of the same species. Oocytes in all teleosts undergo the same basic pattern of growth: oogenesis, primary oocyte growth, cortical alveolus stage, vitellogenesis, maturation and ovulation. The mechanisms that control oocyte growth are addressed in this review, albeit that the available information, as in all other vertebrates, is very limited. The main hormones that have been shown to affect ovarian growth are gonadotrophin, thyroid hormones, growth hormone, insulin and insulin-like growth factors. An overview of the determinants of fecundity, with particular reference to oocyte recruitment and atresia, is the focus of the second part of the paper. Genetics and nutrition have major effects on fecundity, and studies so far suggest that the determinants of fecundity usually operate during the early part of gametogenesis. The role of atresia in determining fecundity is less clear. The final part of this review highlights some areas of study that are priorities for research on ovarian development in fish.