J. H. Waite

TL;DR: McKinnon et al. as mentioned in this paper reported that ammonia is present in the plume, along with various organic compounds, deuterium and, very probably, Ar-40, which provides strong evidence for the existence of at least some liquid water, given that temperatures in excess of 180 K have been measured near the fractures from which the jets emanate.

TL;DR: In this paper, the ionospheric contribution of the polar wind and cleft ion fountain at energies less than 10 eV has been added to previously measured sources; this total ion outflow has then been used to calculate the resulting ion density in the different internal regions of the earth's magnetosphere: plasmasphere, plasma trough, plasma sheet, and magnetotail lobes.

TL;DR: In this paper, negative ions with mass per charge as high as 10,000 amu/q were found in the ionosphere of Titan, with densities up to ∼100 cm−3, in mass groups of 10−30, 30−50, 50−80, 80−110, 80 −110, 110 −200 and 200−amu/charge.

TL;DR: The Rosetta Orbiter Spectrometer for Ion and Neutral Analysis (ROSINA) as discussed by the authors was used for ion and neutral analysis of the volatile part of a comet in situ.

TL;DR: The observations indicate that the O2/H2O ratio is isotropic in the coma and does not change systematically with heliocentric distance, which suggests that primordial O2 was incorporated into the nucleus during the comet’s formation, which is unexpected given the low upper limits from remote sensing observations.