J. J. Skinner

Bio: J. J. Skinner is an academic researcher from United States Department of Agriculture. The author has contributed to research in topics: Potash & Fertilizer. The author has an hindex of 4, co-authored 10 publications receiving 38 citations.

Ratio of Phosphate, Nitrate, and Potassium on Absorption and Growth

Abstract: In this study the growth relationships and concentration differences were observed between solution cultures in which the phosphate, nitrate, and potash varied from single constituents to mixtures of two and three in all possible ratios in 10 per cent stages. The better growth occurred when all these nutrient elements were present, and was best in those mixtures which contained between 10 and 30 per cent phosphate, between 30 and 60 per cent nitrate, and between 30 and 60 per cent potash. The growth in the solutions containing all three constituents was much greater than in solutions containing two constituents, the solutions containing the single constitutent giving the least growth. The concentration differences noticed in the solutions were also very striking, the greater reduction in concentration occurring where the greatest growth occurred. The change in the ratios of the solutions and the ratios of the materials that were removed from the solutions showed that where the greatest growth occurred, as...

The Triangle System for Fertilizer Experiments 1

Abstract: Fertilizer experimentation for determining the specific needs of any particular soil type or cro.p is one of the big problems before American agriculturists. It is not our purpose here to dwell upon the shortcomings of many efforts in this direction, but we must say in passing that the popular conception, even among agricultural specialists, that this problem can. be solvect by a soil, or a plant, or an ash analysis is a vain hope which has not and cannot be realized. Much can.be learned from such work, but not the fertilizer requirement of the soil or plant to increase the yield, quality, appearan~ce, or freedom from disease. Experimentation, direct with soil and pla.nt have thus far been the only means to give this answer and in; this connection the soil has nearly always been ignored arid the fertil.izer combinations tested have always been so restricted that a full and complete answer to this complicated question is yet to be reached. There have been some excellent fertilizer experiments, especially the long-term systems at several of the experiment stations, but by far the greater number of tests made from time to time on this land or that land, this crop or that crop, the country over, have been so lacking in plan and, in thdroughness that they have served only a temporary purpose. How-

Some Effects of a Harmful Organic Soil Constituent

Abstract: The foregoing investigations have given the following results: 1. An organic soil constituent, dihydroxystearic acid, hinders the growth of wheat plants, when this is present in solution in pure distilled water. 2. The compound is also harmful in the presence of nutrient or fertilizer salts in all ratios of the fertilizer elements, P2O5, NH3, and K2O. 3. The compound is more harmful in those ratios of fertilizer elements not well suited for plant growth. 4. The harmful effect of the compound is the least in those ratios of fertilizer elements best suited for plant growth. 5. The compound appears to be relatively much less harmful in the presence of fertilizers mainly nitrogenous than in the presence of fertilizers mainly phosphatic or potassic. 6. The harmful compound modified greatly the removal of fertilizer elements from the solutions. The quantity of phosphate and potash removed was less in the presence of the compound, but the nitrate was not so influenced and on the whole the amount removed was even...

Specific Action of Organic Compounds in Modifying Plant Characteristics; Methyl Glycocoll Versus Glycocoll

Abstract: The effect on plant growth of a large number of soil organic compounds and other organic substances has been tested in this laboratory from time to time. The action of the two compounds glycocoll and methyl glycocoll on plants is very interesting, the former being beneficial, while the latter is harmful to growth and affects the plants in a peculiar way. The utilization of certain nitrogenous compounds by plants, some having a beneficial effect and replacing nitrates in their action, and others having harmful effects, producing peculiar characteristics, leaves but little doubt that organic compounds in soils or nutrient solutions are absorbed directly by the roots of plants and enter into the cells, reacting with the cell contents and producing effects which differ according to the nature of the compound absorbed. The process is connected with and is a part of the general metabolic processes of plants. The absorbed material passes through the membranes possessing these properties of absorption, and reacts on the cell contents in a favorable or unfavorable manner, influencing the life processes of the plant itself. Glycocoll, a nitrogenous compound having a definite chemical structure, is shown to have been absorbed or used by the plant to build up its tissue, while the related compound, methyl glycocoll, also nitrogenous but having a different chemical structure, is absorbed by the plants and has an unfavorable influence, causing decreased growth, and a peculiar twisted lateral growth of the leaf of the plant. The properties of plants of absorbing the mineral constituents from the nutrient or soil solution do not differ in respect to the absorption of the organic constituents from the solution. In the case of the methyl glycocoll the greatest harmful effect was noted

Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks

Abstract: This memorandum documents the updates implemented in EPA’s 2020 Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks (GHGI) for gathering and boosting (G&B) stations. Additional considerations for G&B were previously discussed in memoranda released November 2019 (Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2018: Updates Under Consideration for Natural Gas Gathering & Boosting Station Emissions),1 October 2018 (Inventory of U.S. GHG Emissions and Sinks 1990-2017: Updates Under Consideration for Natural Gas Gathering & Boosting Emissions),2 and April 2019 (Inventory of U.S. GHG Emissions and Sinks 1990-2017: Updates to Natural Gas Gathering & Boosting Pipeline Emissions).3

Phytotoxic substances from soil microorganisms and crop residues

Abstract: [This corrects the article on p. 181 in vol. 28.].

Past, present and future of organic nutrients

Abstract: Background Slowing crop yield increases despite high fertiliser application rates, declining soil health and off-site pollution are testimony that many bioproduction systems require innovative nutrient supply strategies. One avenue is a greater contribution of organic compounds as nutrient sources for crops. That plants take up and metabolise organic molecules (‘organic nutrients’) has been discovered prior to more recent interest with scientific roots reaching far into the 19th century. Research on organic nutrients continued in the early decades of the 20th century, but after two world wars and yield increases achieved with mineral and synthetic fertilisers, a smooth continuation of the research was not to be expected, and we find major gaps in the transmission of methods and knowledge.

Products of Soil Microorganisms in Relation to Plant Growth

Abstract: A survey has been made of the range and activity of the organic products of soil microorganisms which have a direct influence on plant growth. Microbial metabolites which effect plants indirectly by the modification of the soil environment are also reviewed. The sources of substrates for the production of metabolites in soil and the farming practices which give rise to them are considered. It is stressed that an interdisciplinary approach is needed in the manipulation of microbiological activity in soil.