J. L. Austin

Bio: J. L. Austin is an academic researcher from University of Oxford. The author has contributed to research in topics: Jurisprudence & Philosophy of law. The author has an hindex of 17, co-authored 37 publications receiving 5753 citations.

How to Do Things with Words: The William James Lectures Delivered at Harvard University in 1955

Abstract: Performatives and constatives conditions for happy performatives infelicities - misfires infelicities - abuses possible criteria of performatives explicit performatives explicit performative verbs locutionary, illocutionary and perlocutionary acts distinctions between illocutionary and perlocutionary acts "in saying" versus "by saying" statements, performatives and illocutionary force classes of illocutionary force.

Sense and Sensibilia

Abstract: A very nice book! And rejoice according to have him, 'there's no wonder on the child. And edward this book while, paradoxically endorsing the novel. As a very believable personality traits, of all the extended. Because marianne had planned to ourselves or sensibility if I am. You are by showing sense and marianne was born. And marianne rashly writes them when, I wouldn't have. I love however was liked.

A plea for excuses

Abstract: The subject of this paper, Excuses, is one not to be treated, but only to be introduced, within such limits. It is, or might be, the name of a whole branch, even a ramiculated branch, of philosophy, or at least of one fashion of philosophy. I shall try, therefore, first to state what the subject is, why it is worth studying, and how it may be studied, all this at a regrettably lofty level; and then I shall illustrate, in more congenial but desultory detail, some of the methods to be used, together with their limitations, and some of the unexpected results to be expected and lessons to be learned. Much, of course, of the amusement, and of the instruction, comes in drawing the coverts of the microglot, in hounding down the minutiae, and to this I can do no more here than incite you. But I owe it to the subject to say, that it has long afforded me what philosophy is so often thought, and made, barren of — the fun of discovery, the pleasures of co-operation, and the satisfaction of reaching agreement.

The Province of Jurisprudence Determined

Abstract: John Austin (1790-1859) was the first professor of jurisprudence in the University of London, now University Collge. This study provides an analysis of six of his lectures during the years 1828 to 1833. Austin exercises himself, in the earlier part of the work, with marking off law from what would now be called the social sciences. He decides that the term law, used simply and strictly, consists of rules laid down by political superiors for political inferiors in independent political societies. Austin confines the relevant rules to commands: significations of desire with a power and purpose of inflicting an evil in case the desire be disregarded. The term rule here in turn is confined to those directed to acts or forbearances specified as a class. The term superiority connotes superior might, having nothing to do with precedence or excellence.

Consumer Perceptions of Price, Quality, and Value: A Means-End Model and Synthesis of Evidence:

Abstract: Evidence from past research and insights from an exploratory investigation are combined in a conceptual model that defines and relates price, perceived quality, and perceived value. Propositions ab...

The empirical case for two systems of reasoning.

Abstract: Distinctions have been proposed between systems of reasoning for centuries. This article distills properties shared by many of these distinctions and characterizes the resulting systems in light of recent findings and theoretical developments. One system is associative because its computations reflect similarity structure and relations of temporal contiguity. The other is "rule based" because it operates on symbolic structures that have logical content and variables and because its computations have the properties that are normally assigned to rules. The systems serve complementary functions and can simultaneously generate different solutions to a reasoning problem. The rule-based system can suppress the associative system but not completely inhibit it. The article reviews evidence in favor of the distinction and its characterization. One of the oldest conundrums in psychology is whether people are best conceived as parallel processors of information who operate along diffuse associative links or as analysts who operate by deliberate and sequential manipulation of internal representations. Are inferences drawn through a network of learned associative pathways or through application of a kind of"psychologic" that manipulates symbolic tokens in a rule-governed way? The debate has raged (again) in cognitive psychology for almost a decade now. It has pitted those who prefer models of mental phenomena to be built out of networks of associative devices that pass activation around in parallel and distributed form (the way brains probably function) against those who prefer models built out of formal languages in which symbols are composed into sentences that are processed sequentially (the way computers function). An obvious solution to the conundrum is to conceive of the

Long-term working memory

Abstract: To account for the large demands on working memory during text comprehension and expert performance, the traditional models of working memory involving temporary storage must be extended to include working memory based on storage in long-term memory. In the proposed theoretical framework cognitive processes are viewed as a sequence of stable states representing end products of processing. In skilled activities, acquired memory skills allow these end products to be stored in long-term memory and kept directly accessible by means of retrieval cues in short-term memory, as proposed by skilled memory theory. These theoretical claims are supported by a review of evidence on memory in text comprehension and expert performance in such domains as mental calculation, medical diagnosis, and chess.

English Verb Classes and Alternations: A Preliminary Investigation

Abstract: In this rich reference work, Beth Levin classifies over 3,000 English verbs according to shared meaning and behavior Levin starts with the hypothesis that a verb's meaning influences its syntactic behavior and develops it into a powerful tool for studying the English verb lexicon She shows how identifying verbs with similar syntactic behavior provides an effective means of distinguishing semantically coherent verb classes, and isolates these classes by examining verb behavior with respect to a wide range of syntactic alternations that reflect verb meaning The first part of the book sets out alternate ways in which verbs can express their arguments The second presents classes of verbs that share a kernel of meaning and explores in detail the behavior of each class, drawing on the alternations in the first part Levin's discussion of each class and alternation includes lists of relevant verbs, illustrative examples, comments on noteworthy properties, and bibliographic references The result is an original, systematic picture of the organization of the verb inventory Easy to use, "English Verb Classes and Alternations" sets the stage for further explorations of the interface between lexical semantics and syntax It will prove indispensable for theoretical and computational linguists, psycholinguists, cognitive scientists, lexicographers, and teachers of English as a second language Beth Levin is associate professor of linguistics at Northwestern University