Hardness values as well as yield and tensile strength values were compiled for over 150 nonaustenitic, hypoeutectoid steels having a wide range of compositions and a variety of microstructures. The microstructures include ferrite, pearlite, martensite, bainite, and complex multiphase structures. The yield strength of the steels ranged from approximately 300 MPa to over 1700 MPa. Tensile strength varied over the range of 450-2350 MPa. Regression analysis was used to determine the correlation of the yield strength and the tensile strength to the diamond pyramid hardness values for these steels. Both the yield strength and tensile strength of the steels exhibited a linear correlation with the hardness over the entire range of strength values. Empirical relationships are provided that enable the estimation of strength from a bulk hardness measurement. A weak effect of strain-hardening potential on the hardness-yield strength relationship was also observed.

Correlation of Yield Strength and Tensile Strength with Hardness for Steels

Graded microstructure and mechanical properties of additive manufactured Ti–6Al–4V via electron beam melting

Correlation between microstructure, hardness and strength was investigated in heat affected zone (HAZ) of dissimilar welding joints of newly developed rotor steels in terms of both the traditional micro-hardness testing and the nanoindentation technique. Relationships between micro-hardness and nano-hardness were obtained for HAZ of welds, where the mechanical properties were microstructure dependent. Lath width of the tempered martensites was selected as the characteristic microstructure size for correlating the micro-hardness. The detailed strength distribution in HAZ and the correlation with the characteristic microstructure size were discussed. A good agreement was observed for the correlated strength and the experimental results in both weld metal (WM) and base metal (BM), and therefore gave us confidence for the application of the proposed relationship between the hardness and the mechanical properties in HAZ of the dissimilar weld.

Correlation between microstructure, hardness and strength in HAZ of dissimilar welds of rotor steels

Recommendation of miniaturized techniques for mechanical testing of fusion materials in an intense neutron source

Revealing relationships between microstructure and hardening nature of additively manufactured 316L stainless steel

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An improved equation relating hardness to ultimate strength

In a recent article, Liu et al described the formation of phases during the diffusion bonding of Al to Mg at temperatures in the range 450 °C to 490 °C and pressures in the range 008 to 010 MPa They present micrographs of the phases in the weld zone resulting from welding at 480 °C and 008 MPa for 60 minutes and a concentration-distance plot resulting from welding at 470 °C and 008 MPa for 60 minutes However, the mechanism they propose for the formation of the phases in the weld zone is incorrect It is the purpose of the present discussion to provide a correct analysis of the formation of the phases in the weld zone

J. R. Cahoon

Papers

An improved equation relating hardness to ultimate strength

Discussion of “Microstructure and Phase Constituents in the Interface Zone of Mg/Al Diffusion Bonding”⋆