Showing papers by "Jacques Ferlay published in 2016"

Prostate cancer incidence in 43 populations worldwide: An analysis of time trends overall and by age group

Abstract: Prostate cancer is a significant public health burden and a major cause of morbidity and mortality among men worldwide. Analyzing geographic patterns and temporal trends may help identify high-risk populations, suggest the degree of PSA testing, and provide clues to etiology. We used incidence data available from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and certain cancer registries for 43 populations across five continents during a median period of 24 years. Trends in overall prostate cancer rates showed five distinct patterns ranging from generally monotonic increases to peaking of rates followed by declines, which coincide somewhat with changes in the prevalence of PSA testing. Trends in age-specific rates generally mirrored those in the overall rates, with several notable exceptions. For populations where overall rates increased rapidly and then peaked, exemplified in North America and Oceania, the highest incidence tended to be most pronounced and occurred during earlier calendar years among older men compared with younger ones. For populations with almost continual increases in overall rates, exemplified in Eastern Europe and Asia, peaks were evident among men aged ≥ 75 years in many instances. Rates for ages 45-54 years did not clearly stabilize or decline in the majority of studied populations. Global geographic variation remained substantial for both overall and age-specific incidence rates regardless of levels of PSA testing, with the lowest rates consistently in Asia. Explanations for the persistent geographic differences and the continuing increases of especially early-onset prostate cancer remain unclear.

International trends in anal cancer incidence rates.

Abstract: Background Previous studies have reported rapid increases in anal cancer incidence rates in seven high-income countries in North America, Europe and Oceania There is very limited information on whether this pattern is replicated in other parts of the world In this study, we examine recent trends in anal cancer incidence in 18 countries worldwide Methods We calculated age-standardized incidence rates for anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) and anal adenocarcinoma (AAC) for a minimum of 13 years through to 2007, using data from the International Agency for Research on Cancer's Cancer Incidence in Five Continents series, and applied joinpoint regression models to assess changes in incidence rates We also conducted an extended analysis of the data from the USA through to 2012 Results ASCC was the main histological subtype in most of the countries considered in this analysis The incidence of ASCC increased in both men and women in several high-income countries, including Australia, Canada, Denmark, France, Italy, Netherlands, the UK and the USA, whereas it increased only in women in Colombia, Estonia, the Russian Federation, Slovakia and Switzerland Conversely, there was little change in the incidence of ASCC in either men or women in India, Israel, Japan, Singapore and Spain The incidence rates of AAC decreased or were stable in most populations Conclusions The ASCC incidence rates increased in both men and women or in women in all countries included in this study, except Asian countries and Spain, where the rates remained unchanged Population-based preventive measures, including human papillomavirus vaccination and advocacy for safe sexual behaviours, may contribute to curbing the surging burden of the disease

Global Access to Radiotherapy Services: Have We Made Progress During the Past Decade?

Abstract: PurposeThe global incidence of cancer is rising, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Radiotherapy is an important cancer treatment in the curative and palliative setting. We aimed to estimate the global demand for and supply of radiotherapy megavoltage machines (MVMs) and assess the changes in supply and demand during the past decade.Materials and MethodsCancer incidences for 27 cancer types in 184 countries were extracted from the International Agency for Research on Cancer GLOBOCAN database. The Collaboration for Cancer Outcomes Research and Evaluation radiotherapy utilization rate (RTU) model was used to estimate the number of patients in each country with an indication for radiotherapy for each cancer type and estimate the demand for MVMs. The radiotherapy supply data were accessed from Directory of Radiotherapy Centres database maintained by the International Atomic Energy Agency.ResultsRTU varied by country, from 32% in Mongolia to 59% in Comoros. The average optimal world RTU was 50%,...

An assessment of GLOBOCAN methods for deriving national estimates of cancer incidence.

Abstract: Objective To assess the validity of the GLOBOCAN methods for deriving national estimates of cancer incidence.

Disparities in time trends of cervical cancer mortality rates in Brazil

Abstract: This study aimed to correct and describe cervical cancer mortality rates and trends by regions and age-groups in Brazil. It may help planning and implementing policies for cervical cancer control. Data from 2003 to 2012 were accessed through the centralized national mortality database. Correction of the age-specific mortality rates was done by proportional redistribution of ill-defined causes of death and deaths coded as ‘uterine, part unspecified’. Annual percentage change (APC) was obtained by trend analysis (Joinpoint regression). In the 10-year period, cancer and ill-defined causes corresponded, respectively, to 18.9 and 10.8 % of all deaths (except injuries). The proportion of ill-defined causes was reduced by more than a half in the period. The age-standardized cervical cancer mortality rate was 7.2 per 100,000 women-years after correction. The total increase in rates after corrections was 50.5 %. A significant decreasing trend in rates was observed at the national level (APC = −0.17, p < 0.001). North was the only region that did not show a decreasing significant trend (APC + 0.07, p = 0.28). Decreasing trends were restricted to age-groups over 40 years. A consistent decreasing trend of cervical cancer mortality rates in Brazil from 2003 to 2012 was observed, although this was not consistent in all regions and restricted to older age-groups. Quality of data needs to be improved. Cancer control policies may consider the differences in access to care and the characteristics of regions to improve their efficiency.

Obesity and the incidence of upper gastrointestinal cancers: an ecological approach to examine differences across age and sex

Abstract: Background: Esophageal and gastric cancers differ in their epidemiology but have several risk factors in common. The aim of this study was to assess age and sex differences in the burden of esophageal and gastric cancers in the context of the global obesity epidemic. Methods: Data from 50 countries were obtained from Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Volume X and GLOBOCAN 2012. Age-specific and age-standardized incidence rates of esophageal adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), as well as cardia (CGC) and noncardia (NCGC) gastric cancer, were estimated. Countries were grouped and analyzed according to their obesity prevalence. Results: A gradient across quartiles of obesity prevalence was found for esophageal adenocarcinoma, with the highest incidence rates in high prevalence countries (ASR 3.0 vs. 0.8 per 100,000 in highest vs. lowest obesity quartiles, males). In contrast, for ESCC as well as for CGC and NCGC the reverse was true, with the highest rates observed in countries with the lowest obesity prevalence (ESCC, 2.2 vs. 11.5; CGC, 2.8 vs. 7.8; NCGC, 3.9 vs. 17.4 in highest vs. lowest obesity quartiles, males). Although for esophageal adenocarcinoma, sex and age differences in incidence were most pronounced in countries with a high prevalence of obesity, these differences were much smaller for the other cancer sites assessed. Conclusions: Variation in obesity prevalence may partly explain age and sex differences in the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinomas. Impact: Ecologic studies can help assess relationships between risk factors and cancer, and generate new hypotheses that may be pursued through more directed research. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(1); 90–97. ©2015 AACR .