Showing papers by "Jacques Leplat published in 1990"
TL;DR: Analysis in terms of task and activity raises methodological and practical problems which are touched upon; it does not exclude referring to psychological theoretical frameworks to which it is worthwhile linking it.
Abstract: The notion of error, when applied to an activity or the result of an activity, implies the notion of task: it expresses the deviation between the activity and the task being considered from an angle which is judged to be relevant. The task and the activity are the object of representations for the analyst (or specialist) and for the driver. Four representations are dealt with in this paper: the task and the activity for the specialist and the task and the activity for the driver. An interpretation is proposed for these tasks, and they are illustrated using some of the work already carried out in this field. The signification of deviations between these representations is then discussed, together with the advantage of studying these deviations in order to clarify error-producing mechanisms. Analysis in terms of task and activity raises methodological and practical problems which are touched upon; it does not exclude referring to psychological theoretical frameworks to which it is worthwhile linking it. Thi...
52 citations
TL;DR: The notion of skill has different meanings for the psychologist and the sociologist as mentioned in this paper, and a more precise definition of this notion from a psychological point of view and thus to provide a better analysis of the notion of tacit skill.
Abstract: La notion d'habilete a differentes significations pour le psychologue et pour le sociologue. Nous avons essaye ici de donner une definition plus precise de cette notion d'un point de vue psychologique et ainsi de fourair une meilleure analyse de la notion d'habilete implicite. Nous avons aussi indique comment les concepts d'habilete et de technique sont articules. Enfin, nous avons traite quelques aspects psychologiques du probleme de l'evaluation des habiletes. Nous avons indique comment les changements introduits par les nouvelles technologies apportent un regain d'interet a ces problemes et en meme temps permettent des les etudier sous un nouvel angle.
The notion of skill has different meanings for the psychologist and the sociologist. We have attempted here to give a more precise definition of this notion from a psychological point of view and thus to provide a better analysis of the notion of tacit skill. We have also indicated how the concepts of skill and technique are articulated. Finally, we have dealt with some psychological aspects of the problem of skill evaluation. We have indicated how changes introduced by new technologies provide a new interest in these problems and at the same time allow them to be studied from a new angle.
45 citations