Jae-Hyun Kim

Bio: Jae-Hyun Kim is an academic researcher. The author has contributed to research in topics: Tobacco mosaic virus & Pepper mild mottle virus. The author has an hindex of 6, co-authored 16 publications receiving 170 citations.

Occurrence and Distribution of Viruses Infecting Pepper in Korea

Abstract: We conducted a survey on pepper virus diseases in 31 regions in Korea from November 2001 to December 2004. Using electron microscopy, test plant reaction, rapid immuno-filter paper assay (RIPA), reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and/or analysis of viral nucleotide sequences, we found a number of viruses from 1,056 samples that we collected. These included Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV),Pepper mottle virus (PepMoV), Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), Broad bean wilt virus 2 (BBWV2), Tobacco mild green mosaic virus (TMGMV), and Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). Of the samples analyzed, 343 (32.5%) were infected with CMV, 209 (19.8%) with PepMoV, 141 (13.4%) with PMMoV, 12 (1.1%) with BBWV2, 40 (3.8%) with TMGMV, 5 (0.5%) with TSWV, 153 (14.5%) with CMV and PepMoV, 54 (5.1%) with CMV and PMMoV, 31 (2.9%) with PepMoV and PMMoV, 3 (0.3%) with CMV and BBWV2, 1 (0.1%) with CMV, PepMoV and BBWV2, 8 (0.8%) with CMV,PepMoV and PMMoV, and 30 (2.8%) samples were infected with viruses which were not identified. CMV was the most predominant virus in all inspected fields and the number of the samples infected with PMMoV was relatively low as compared PepMoV infection level in pepper. TMGMV was only found in the southern part of Korea, while TSWV was isolated in Anyang and Yesan. However, we did not encounter in this survey the Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), Potato virus Y (PVY), Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), and Pepper vein chlorosis virus (PVCV).

Characterization of Tomato spotted wilt virus from Paprika in Korea

Abstract: A Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV-KP) was isolated from Paprika (Capsicum annuum var. grossum) showing necrosis spot on the leaves and malformation of the fruit in Yesan, Korea. The virus infected Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa, Petunia hybrida, Nicotiana glutinosa, Gomphrena globosa, and Physalis floridana. Ten plants including tomato were observed to have systemic TWSV-KP infection. The virus produced necrosis or necrotic ring spots on the inoculated leaves and mosaic, vein necrosis or death on the upper leaves of Datura stramonium, N. clevarandii, N. rustica, and N. tabacum cvs. Thin sections of the infected leaf tissue contained spherical to oval particles, a characteristic of a Tospovirus. The virion contained three molecules of genomic RNAs, which were approximately 9.0, 4.9 and 3.0 kb. The nucleocapsid (N) protein of the purified virion migrated as a single band with molecular weight of about 29 kDa in SDS-PAGE. The N gene of TSWVKP showed 96.5-97.2% and 97.7-98.5% identities to the three different TSWV isolates of Genbank Database at the nucleotide and amino acid, respectively.

First Report of Tobacco mild green mosaic virus Infecting Pepper in Korea

Abstract: A rod-shaped virus was isolated from pepper showing mild mosic during the winter growing seasons of 2001 and 2002 in Korea. Based on its biological reactions, serological relationships, reverse transcription-poly-merase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using specific primers, and nucleotide sequence analysis of coat protein (CP) gene, the isolated virus was identified as Tobacco mild green mosaic virus (TMGMV) and designated as Korean pepper isolate (TMGMV-KP). Crude sap from infected tissue was mechanically transmitted to various indicator plants, which produced characteristic symptoms of tobamovirus infection. However, no symptom was observed in Gomphorena globosa. In RT-PCR assays with specific primers for respective detection of TMGMV, Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), and Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), a single strong band of about 500 bp in length was produced from the sample used only with TMGMV primers. The amplified DNA was cloned and the nucleotide sequence was determined. Sequence comparisons with the CP gene of other tobamoviruses indicated that TMGMV-KP shared 99.3% identity with TMGMV Japanese isolate and only 59.1, 58.6, and 58.1% identity with TMV, PMMoV and ToMV, respectively. This is the first report of TMGMV in Korea.

Occurrence and Symptoms of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus on Vegetables in Korea (I)

Abstract: Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) occurred abruptly with a high incidence rate in 14 vegetable crops in Anyang area, Gyunggido in 2004. TSWV was identified by the symptoms on the indicator plants, immunocaptured reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (IC/RT-PCR), virion captured (VC)RT-PCR and RT-PCR using total RNA from the infected plants. Vegetable crops infected with TSWV included table tomato, cherry tomato, red pepper, lettuce, chicory, red leaf chicory, red mustard, dragon tongue, treviso, potato, perilla, sesame, pumpkin, and ssamchoo (hybrid of oriental cabbage and cabbage). The incidence of TSWV in fields ranged from 30 to . TSWV usually produced necrosis, wilt and/or severe mosaic with typical single or double ring spots on the leaves. TSWV could be detected in Frankliniella occidentalis collected from the crops in the fields with rate by IC/RT-PCR.

Characterization of Melon necrotic spot virus Isolated from Muskmelon

Abstract: A severe disease of muskmelon (Cucumis melo cv. Alsnight) grown on rockwool in a plastic house was characterized by leaf and stem necrosis followed by death of the plants. In 2001, an isolate of Melon necrotic spot virus-MN (MNSV-MN) of the genus Camovirus was identified as the causal agent of the disease on the basis of biological reactions and nucleotide sequence analyses of coat protein (CP) gene. MNSV-MN induced necrotic local lesions on mechanically inoculated leaves and systemic necrotic spots on the upper leaves of melon cvs. Alsnight, Rui III, Party, Imperial, and Seolhang. However, the inoculated leaves of watermelon and cucumber showed only necrotic lesions. DsRNAs extracted from the melon infected with MNSV-MN were separated into three components. Molecular sizes of the dsRNAs were estimated at approximately 4.5, 1.8, and 1.6 kbp. The amplified cDNA products of CP gene for MNSV-MN by RT-PCR showed approximately 1.2 kbp. The amplified DNA was digested to three fragments by MspI treatment. The cDNA of the genomic RNA of MNSV-MN was cloned and the region deduced to encode the CP was sequenced. The CP coding region, located near 3` end of the genome, consisted of 1,170 nucleotides and had the potential to encode a 390 amino acid protein. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of MNSV-MN CP gene were 84.0-94.6% and 90.8-94.9% identical with other MNSV isolates found in the GeneBank database, respectively. This is the first report on the occurrence of MNSV in Korea.

A global invasion by the thrip, Frankliniella occidentalis: Current virus vector status and its management

Abstract: Western flower thrip, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), is among the most economically important agricultural pests globally, attacking a wide range of vegetable and horticultural crops. In addition to causing extensive crop damage, the species is notorious for vectoring destructive plant viruses, mainly belonging to the genera Orthotospovirus, Ilarvirus, Alphacarmovirus and Machlomovirus. Once infected by orthotospoviruses, thrips can remain virulent throughout their lifespan and continue transmitting viruses to host plants when and wherever they feed. These irruptive viral outbreaks in crops will permanently disrupt functional integrated pest management systems, and typically require a remedial treatment involving insecticides, contributing to further development of insecticide resistance. To mitigate against this continuing cycle, the most effective management is early and comprehensive surveillance of the pest species and recognition of plant viruses in the field. This review provides information on the pest status of F. occidentalis, discusses the current global status of the viruses vectored by this thrip species, examines the mechanisms involved in transmitting virus-induced diseases by thrips, and reviews different management strategies, highlighting the potential management tactics developed for various cropping systems. The early surveillance and the utilization of potential methods for control of both F. occidentalis and viruses are proposed.

Transmission Efficiency of Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus via Seeds, Soil, Pruning and Irrigation Water

Abstract: Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV; genus Tobamovirus) infects frequently the grafted watermelon and is widely distributed in China. Investigating the transmission modes and their efficiency is urgently needed to understand the factors contributing to the epidemiology of this viral disease. In the present study, we found that the occurrence of CGMMV in a bottle gourd seed production base reached 100%, while the contamination rate and transmission rate were 100 and 0.92%, respectively. The bottle gourd plants showed obvious mottle symptom on leaves starting 36 days after seed sowing. The long latent period of CGMMV in seedlings implies a potential risk to use contaminated seeds in the production of grafted watermelon. This virus could overwinter in soil with debris of infected plants, and the infection rate of CGMMV from contaminated soils was 10.30%. CGMMV could be transmitted from infected watermelon plants to healthy ones by pruning at least to the ninth plant during the whole growing season. The transmission distance was 1.87 m by drip irrigation and 2.31 m by flow irrigation. This study suggested that contaminated seeds, contaminated soil, pruning and irrigation could transmit CGMMV at different efficiency, and all contribute to the epidemiology of CGMMV.

Estimation of the effect of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) infection on some yield components of tomato

Abstract: The effects of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) on yield and quality of tomato fruits were studied from May through November of 2004 at the Experimental Field of the Agricultural Faculty of Ondokuz Mayis University, in Samsun province, Turkey. TSWV caused 42.1% and 95.5% reduction in yield and marketable value of tomato, respectively. TSWV infection in tomato crop caused significant (P < 0.05) reductions in weight, total number, width and length of the fruits in infected plants. Reductions in yield-contributing parameters were 26.61% in weight, 20.18% in number, 10.94% in width and 11.93% in length of fruits. It is difficult to estimate the actual yield loss and influence levels of TSWV in the field. Economic data are scarce, but in the present study it was estimated that the yield loss due to TSWV in tomatoes was approximately $0.9 million in Samsun, Turkey.

Genome structure and production of biologically active in vitro transcripts of cucurbit-infecting Zucchini green mottle mosaic virus

Abstract: The complete nucleotide sequence of the Zucchini green mottle mosaic virus (ZGMMV), a new member of the genus Tobamovirus, has been determined. The genome of ZGMMV is 6,513 nucleotides long and contains four open reading frames coding for proteins of 131, 189, 28, and 17 kDa from the 5′ to 3′ end, respectively. The 5′- and 3′-non-translated regions consist of 59 and 163 residues, respectively. The sequences of the viral proteins exhibit high identity to the proteins of the members of the genus Tobamovirus and are distinct from other viruses within the subgroup of cucurbit-infecting tobamoviruses. Results from phylogenetic trees of the coding regions demonstrated that ZGMMV is a very close relative of Kyuri green mottle mosaic virus and Cucumber fruit mottle mosaic virus and is less similar to Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus. Full-length cDNA of ZGMMV was directly amplified by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using the 5′-end primer containing a T7 RNA promoter sequence ...