THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTS. By Oscar Kempthorne. New York, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1952. 631 pp. $8.50. This book by a teacher of statistics (as well as a consultant for \"experimenters\") is a comprehensive study of the philosophical background for the statistical design of experiment. It is necessary to have some facility with algebraic notation and manipulation to be able to use the volume intelligently. The problems are presented from the theoretical point of view, without such practical examples as would be helpful for those not acquainted with mathematics. The mathematical justification for the techniques is given. As a somewhat advanced treatment of the design and analysis of experiments, this volume will be interesting and helpful for many who approach statistics theoretically as well as practically. With emphasis on the \"why,\" and with description given broadly, the author relates the subject matter to the general theory of statistics and to the general problem of experimental inference. MARGARET J. ROBERTSON

The Design and Analysis of Experiments

Handbook of Approximation: Algorithms and Metaheuristics

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Logical Effort Designing Fast Cmos Circuits

The disadvantages of particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm are that it is easy to fall into local optimum in high-dimensional space and has a low convergence rate in the iterative process. To deal with these problems, an adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm based on directed weighted complex network (DWCNPSO) is proposed. Particles can be scattered uniformly over the search space by using the topology of small-world network to initialize the particles position. At the same time, an evolutionary mechanism of the directed dynamic network is employed to make the particles evolve into the scale-free network when the in-degree obeys power-law distribution. In the proposed method, not only the diversity of the algorithm was improved, but also particles’ falling into local optimum was avoided. The simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm can effectively avoid the premature convergence problem. Compared with other algorithms, the convergence rate is faster.

/pdf/an-adaptive-particle-swarm-optimization-algorithm-based-on-4pl45ba27n.pdf

An Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm Based on Directed Weighted Complex Network

Recently, much progress has been made on particle swarm optimization (PSO). A number of works have been devoted to analyzing the convergence of the underlying algorithms. Nevertheless, in most cases, rather simplified hypotheses are used. For example, it often assumes that the swarm has only one particle. In addition, more often than not, the variables and the points of attraction are assumed to remain constant throughout the optimization process. In reality, such assumptions are often violated. Moreover, there are no rigorous rates of convergence results available to date for the particle swarm, to the best of our knowledge. In this paper, we consider a general form of PSO algorithms, and analyze asymptotic properties of the algorithms using stochastic approximation methods. We introduce four coefficients and rewrite the PSO procedure as a stochastic approximation type iterative algorithm. Then we analyze its convergence using weak convergence method. It is proved that a suitably scaled sequence of swarms converge to the solution of an ordinary differential equation. We also establish certain stability results. Moreover, convergence rates are ascertained by using weak convergence method. A centered and scaled sequence of the estimation errors is shown to have a diffusion limit.

Analyzing Convergence and Rates of Convergence of Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithms Using Stochastic Approximation Methods

Designing of an Asymmetric RF Oscillator for improved Signal Integrity, using Design of Experiments is presented and Taguchi Orthogonal Array is used for the same. Dependence of various physical parameters on output quality parameters that are Eye Height and Jitter, are shown by curves. Jitter is reduced and Eye Height is increased and as outcome of both, Eye SNR is increased. All in all, Designing of an Asymmetric Oscillator for better Signal Integrity is shown using Design of Experiments.

Designing Asymmetric 2.4 GHz RF Oscillator for improving Signal Integrity by Design of Experiments

This article presents an analytical approach to estimate jitter in CMOS inverters in the presence of ground-bounce noise (GBN). The relationships between output and input, considering the effect of ground noise, are derived in terms of device parameters for modeling the timing variations. The deviation of each transition edge from the ideal transition edge is modeled using analytical equations to obtain peak-to-peak ground noise induced jitter. To examine the proposed modeling, five case studies are considered for covering the time domain as well as frequency domain estimations. The results obtained using the proposed methodology have a close match with those obtained from the simulations using the electronic design automation (EDA) tool. To claim the independence of proposed modeling with respect to a particular technology, the results are verified at 40, 65, and 180 nm technology nodes of United Microelectronics Corporation (UMC).

Device Parameters Based Analytical Modeling of Ground-Bounce Induced Jitter in CMOS Inverters

In this paper, a design methodology for an efficient programmable delay line using reduced hardware resources is presented. The proposed methodology is scalable and reuses the given buffer elements multiple times to accomplish the task. A substantial absolute delay required in the system is achieved with an equivalent circuit using limited number of buffers. The novel design of the delay line is compared with the conventional architecture in terms of area, leakage power and process variability. It is demonstrated that the proposed design is better than its predecessors in all dimensions.

A Novel Programmable Delay Line for VLSI Systems

This paper presents an efficient method for the estimation of jitter due to power supply noise in a chain-of-inverters including the on-chip-interconnects. An analytical noise transfer function from power supply to output is derived based on a small-signal analysis. The estimation of jitter is done using a slope-based semi-analytical approach and the results are compared with the SPICE-based simulations.

Analysis of Jitter for a Chain-of-Inverters including On-chip Interconnects

Designing of an Asymmetric RF Oscillator using Design of Experiments is presented and Taguchi Orthogonal Array is used for the same. Dependence of various physical parameters on output Quality Parameter, which is Phase Noise, is shown by curves. The improvement in Phase Noise is around 1.5 dB. All in all, Designing of an Asymmetric Oscillator is shown using Design of Experiments.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/5729273/5733836/05733881.pdf

Jai Narayan Tripathi

Papers

Designing Asymmetric 2.4 GHz RF Oscillator for improving Signal Integrity by Design of Experiments

Device Parameters Based Analytical Modeling of Ground-Bounce Induced Jitter in CMOS Inverters

A Novel Programmable Delay Line for VLSI Systems

Analysis of Jitter for a Chain-of-Inverters including On-chip Interconnects

Designing Asymmetric 2.2 GHz RF Oscillator by design of experiments using Taguchi methods