Jakob øster

Bio: Jakob øster is an academic researcher. The author has contributed to research in topics: Varicocele. The author has an hindex of 1, co-authored 1 publications receiving 219 citations.

Varicocele in Children and Adolescents: An Investigation of the Incidence Among Danish School Children

Abstract: The incidence of varicocele in an unselected material consisting of 1072 Danish school boys aged 6–19 years was investigated. No cases of varicocele were encountered in 188 boys, aged 6–9 years, while the incidence in the 837 examined boys, aged 10–19 years, was 16.2%. This showed a steadily increasing incidence from 5.7% in the 10-year-old group to 19.3% at the age of 14 years. The incidence of “genuine” clinical varicocele showed an increase from 1.9% in 10-year-olds to 10.6% in 14-year-olds. All of the varicoceles were found in the left half of the scrotum. The development of puberty was more advanced in the boys with varicocele than in the control material. The boys with varicocele were taller than those without. These two observations are presumed to be of significance for the development of varicocele. The figures for the incidence of varicocele from the literature, compared with the author's own findings, suggest that there is a difference in the incidence of varicocele in fertile and infertile mal...

Varicocele and male infertility: Part II: Pathophysiology of varicoceles in male infertility

Abstract: Varicoceles are found in 19 to 41% of infertile men, and is one treatable form of male infertility. The mechanism by which varicoceles cause the variable effect on male infertility and spermatogenesis is still unknown. Experimental animal models play a useful (but limited) role due to the sudden and variable iatrogenic nature of the varicoceles and the duration of the studies. Much of the human data are derived by the characterization of associated differences in measurable parameters between men with and without varicoceles. The role of hyperthermia, testicular blood flow and venous pressure changes, reflux of renal/adrenal products, hormonal dysfunction, autoimmunity, defects in acrosome reaction, and oxidative stress, in the pathophysiology of varicocele will be discussed.

Prevention of Fertility Disorders by Detection and Treatment of Varicocele at School and College Age

Abstract: Zusammenfassung Vorbeugung von Fertilitatsstorungen durch fruhzeitige Diagnostik und Behandlung der Varikocele bei Schulern und Studenten 4,067 Schuler und Studenten (12 - 15 Jahre) wurden auf das Vorhandensein einer linksseitigen Varikozele untersucht. Mit dem Einsetzen der Pubertat steigt die Haufigkeit von Varikozelen stufenweise an und bleibt danach konstant. In der gesamten Gruppe liegt die Frequenz bei 14.7%. Nur die Gruppen mit Varikozelen zweiten und dritten Grades konnen als “Risikogruppe” bezeichnet werden in Bezug auf eine spatere Unfruchtbarkeit; letztere wurde bei 5.3% aller Falle beobachtet. Allerdings entstehen schon bei einem Crittel der Jugendlichen mit einer Varikozele zweiten Grades und bei fast alien mit einer Varikozele dritten Grades anatomische Veranderungen (Volumen und Konsistenz) an den Hoden wahrend der Pubertat. Um einer eventuellen spateren Unfruchtbarkeit vorzubeugen, kann ein operativer Eingriff erwogen werden; jedoch mus man die psychologischen Reaktionen in diesem Alter mit besonderer Aufmerksamkeit berucksichtigen. Ein Eingriff im jugendlichen Alter zur Vorbeugung einer „moglichen” spateren Unfruchtbarkeit kann eine psychogene Impotenz auslosen. Resumen Prevencion de alteraciones de la fertilidad mediante detection y tratamiento del varicocele en la edad escolar Se examinaron 4.067 estudiantes entre 12 y 15 anos para ver si tenian varicocele izquierdo. Con el inicio de la pubertad la incidencia del varicocele aumenta gradualmente hasta que se completa la pubertad. Despues de la — adolescencia la incidencia de varicocele permanece constante. Para el grupo completo la incidencia de varicocele al-canzo el 14′7%. Puesto que solo los grupos con varicocele grados II o III, deben ser considerados como “grupos — riesgo”, en cuanto concierne a una infertilidad posterior, podemos establecer que el 5′3% de todos los estudiantes — pertenecen a este grupo. Por tanto un tercio de los sujetos con varicocele grado II y casi todos los sujetos con varicocele grado III, ya presentan en la adolescencia una influencia anatomica sobre el testicu-lo (volumen y/o consistencia). Puede considerarse la prevencion de una posible alteration posterior de la fertilidad, mediante tratamiento quirurgico del varicocele, pero es necesario una cuidadosa atencion por la reaction psicologica a esta — edad. La prevencion en la adolescencia de una posible alteration de la fertilidad en la edad adulta tiene el ries go de provocar reacciones psicologicas de inferioridad sexual y genital.

Effects of varicocele on male fertility

Abstract: Varicoceles are vascular lesions of the pampiniform plexus and are the most common identifiable abnormality found in men being evaluated for infertility. Despite the long history associated with varicoceles, there remains much controversy regarding their diagnosis and management. The purpose of this manuscript is to address three of the most pressing controversies: (i) the association of varicoceles with male infertility, (ii) whether varicoceles exert a progressive deleterious effect and (iii) the relationship of varicocele size and outcome following varicocele repair. The current literature is reviewed in an effort to answer these questions. Based upon this analysis, conclusions can be drawn regarding the best management of varicoceles in subfertile men, adolescents, young fertile men and men with subclinical varicoceles. Although there remain many controversies due to a paucity of data, there appears to be a significant difference between adults and adolescents with respect to a progressive deterioration of semen parameters and it is clear that subclinical varicoceles do not play a major role in male infertility.