James Calvert Scott

Bio: James Calvert Scott is an academic researcher from Utah State University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Business education & Business communication. The author has an hindex of 6, co-authored 28 publications receiving 185 citations.

Chinese Business Face: Communication Behaviors and Teaching Approaches

Abstract: Chinese businesspersons are extremely sensitive to protecting and enhancing face. The Chinese sensitivity to face is a result of their emphasis on enduring relation ships and social networks. The hundreds of phrases in the Chinese language describing face demonstrate the sophistication of the Chinese conceptualization of face and related behaviors. For the businessperson, saving face and giving face are the most important face-related skills. Chinese businesspersons use various com munication strategies in order to save face and give face, including indirectness, intermediaries, praising, requests, and shaming. Western businesspersons can pre pare to operate effectively in the Chinese business environment by learning about the Chinese conceptualization of face and related communication strategies.

Developing Cultural Fluency: The Goal of International Business Communication Instruction in the 21st Century

Abstract: Developing cultural fluency, the ability to cross cultural boundaries and function much like a native by regularly matching the receiver's decoded and the sender's encoded message meanings, is the goal of international business communication instruction in the 21st century. Cultural fluency, which is rooted in partially understood but powerful culture-communication relationships, can be developed through a variety of instructional means. Developing cultural fluency will help the business community cope with such important communication-related challenges as growing workforce diversity, increasing globalization, and the need to select appropriate communication technologies.

Differences in American and British Vocabulary: Implications for International Business Communication

Abstract: American English and British English vocabularies have diverged over time, result, ing in lexical differences that have the potential to confound English-language intercultural communication. The differences derive from the need to adapt the meanings of existing expressions or to find new expressions for different things and to borrow expressions from different cultures. Separation and slow means of com munication also cause differences and encourage one side to retain archaic expres sions that others have abandoned or modified. The differences in vocabulary can be grouped into four categories: the same expression with differences in style, con notation, and/or frequency; the same expression with one or more shared and dif ferent meanings; the same expression with completely different meanings; and dif ferent expressions with the same shared meaning. These differences in vocabularies affect understanding of all varieties of English. To bridge differences in Enghsh language vocabularies, international busi...

British Perspectives on Organizing Bad-News Letters: Organizational Patterns Used by Major U.K. Companies

Abstract: news is conveyed. Even when two distinct cultural groups use the same language, they may organize bad news in different ways. Although the business subcultures of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (U.K) and the United States of America (U.S.A) both use the English language for conveyingbad news, both do so with primarily different subculturally endorsed organizational patterns. Consequently, it is necessary that business writers understand the business-writing organizational patterns of these dominant English-writing subcultures and craft bad-news messages that are acceptable within the receiver’s subculture. While most of the attention in the international busi-

Addressing Common Method Variance: Guidelines for Survey Research on Information Technology, Operations, and Supply Chain Management

Abstract: Common method variance (CMV) is the amount of spurious correlation between variables that is created by using the same method-often a survey-to measure each variable. CMV may lead to erroneous conclusions about relationships between variables by inflating or deflating findings. We analyzed recent survey research in IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Journal of Operations Management, and Production and Operations Management to assess if and how scholars address CMV. We found that two-thirds of the relevant articles published between 2001 and 2009 did not formally address CMV, and many that did address CMV relied on relatively weak remedies. These findings have troubling implications for efforts to build knowledge within information technology, operations and supply chain management research. In an effort to strengthen future research designs, we provide recommendations to help scholars to better address CMV. Given the potentially severe effects of CMV, authors should apply the recommended CMV remedies within their survey-based studies, and reviewers should hold authors accountable when they fail to do so.

A meta-analysis of the effects of speakers' accents on interpersonal evaluations

Abstract: This paper reports a meta-analysis of the empirical literature on the effects of speakers’ accents on interpersonal evaluations. Our review of the published literature uncovered 20 studies that have compared the effects of standard accents (i.e., the accepted accent of the majority population) versus non-standard accents (i.e., accents that are considered foreign or spoken by minorities) on evaluations about the speakers. These 20 studies yielded 116 independent effect sizes on an array of characteristics that were selected by the original researchers. We classified each of the characteristics as belonging to one of three domains that have been traditionally discussed in this area, namely status (e.g., intelligence, social class), solidarity (trustworthiness, in-group–out-group member), and dynamism (level of activity and liveliness). The effect was particularly strong when American Network accented speakers were compared with non–standard-accented speakers. These results underscore prior research showing that speakers’ accents have powerful effects on how others perceive them. These and other results are discussed in the context of the literature along with implications for future research in this area. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The Delphi Technique: a research strategy for career and technical education

Abstract: Research literature in career and technical education is replete with studies using survey research as a means of seeking answers to any number of different questions. On occasion, however, one wishes to collect opinions of experts and, to the greatest extent possible, achieve consensus among them. For example, consensus among educators in a specific area about what technologies should be taught in today's technology-based world would be important to many educators and their students. This goal presents a unique research situation.

With whom shall I share my knowledge? A recipient perspective of knowledge sharing

Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine knowledge-sharing phenomena from the perspective of recipients’ characteristics. Specifically, this study examines the influence of knowledge recipients’ competence, learning attitude and personal relationship with knowledge sharer on knowledge sharers’ willingness to share. Design/methodology/approach – The authors conducted two studies, a scenario experimental study and a field survey study to test their hypotheses about the effects of recipients’ characteristics on knowledge sharers’ willingness to share. Findings – The results revealed that recipients’ characteristics play different roles in different situations (responsive and proactive knowledge sharing) in triggering the knowledge sharers’ motivation to share. In responsive knowledge sharing, a recipient’s learning attitude and personal relationship with the knowledge sharer affected the sharer’s willingness to share. In proactive knowledge sharing, a recipient’s professional ability and personal re...