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James Glossinger

Bio: James Glossinger is an academic researcher from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The author has contributed to research in topics: Beamline & Monochromator. The author has an hindex of 4, co-authored 7 publications receiving 728 citations.

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Journal ArticleDOI
01 Oct 2010
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the construction of a new SAXS/WAXS beamline at the Advanced Light Source at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, which is equipped with a multilayer monochromator in order to obtain a high X-ray flux.
Abstract: We discuss the construction of a new SAXS/WAXS beamline at the Advanced Light Source at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. The beamline is equipped with a multilayer monochromator in order to obtain a high X-ray flux. The detrimental effects that the increased bandwidth transmitted by this monochromator could have on the data quality of the SAXS and WAXS patterns is shown to be negligible for the experimental program intended to be operated on this beamline.

469 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new facility for microdiffraction strain measurements and microfluorescence mapping has been built at the advanced light source of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and allows a variety of experiments, which have in common the need of spatial resolution.
Abstract: A new facility for microdiffraction strain measurements and microfluorescence mapping has been built on beamline 12.3.2 at the advanced light source of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. This beamline benefits from the hard x-radiation generated by a 6 T superconducting bending magnet (superbend). This provides a hard x-ray spectrum from 5 to 22 keV and a flux within a 1 microm spot of approximately 5x10(9) photons/s (0.1% bandwidth at 8 keV). The radiation is relayed from the superbend source to a focus in the experimental hutch by a toroidal mirror. The focus spot is tailored by two pairs of adjustable slits, which serve as secondary source point. Inside the lead hutch, a pair of Kirkpatrick-Baez (KB) mirrors placed in a vacuum tank refocuses the secondary slit source onto the sample position. A new KB-bending mechanism with active temperature stabilization allows for more reproducible and stable mirror bending and thus mirror focusing. Focus spots around 1 microm are routinely achieved and allow a variety of experiments, which have in common the need of spatial resolution. The effective spatial resolution (approximately 0.2 microm) is limited by a convolution of beam size, scan-stage resolution, and stage stability. A four-bounce monochromator consisting of two channel-cut Si(111) crystals placed between the secondary source and KB-mirrors allows for easy changes between white-beam and monochromatic experiments while maintaining a fixed beam position. High resolution stage scans are performed while recording a fluorescence emission signal or an x-ray diffraction signal coming from either a monochromatic or a white focused beam. The former allows for elemental mapping, whereas the latter is used to produce two-dimensional maps of crystal-phases, -orientation, -texture, and -strain/stress. Typically achieved strain resolution is in the order of 5x10(-5) strain units. Accurate sample positioning in the x-ray focus spot is achieved with a commercial laser-triangulation unit. A Si-drift detector serves as a high-energy-resolution (approximately 150 eV full width at half maximum) fluorescence detector. Fluorescence scans can be collected in continuous scan mode with up to 300 pixels/s scan speed. A charge coupled device area detector is utilized as diffraction detector. Diffraction can be performed in reflecting or transmitting geometry. Diffraction data are processed using XMAS, an in-house written software package for Laue and monochromatic microdiffraction analysis.

172 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new facility for high-pressure diffraction and spectroscopy using diamond anvil high- pressure cells has been built at the Advanced Light Source and the experimental enclosure contains an automated beam-positioning system, a set of slits, ion chambers, the sample positioning goniometry and area detector.
Abstract: A new facility for high-pressure diffraction and spectroscopy using diamond anvil high-pressure cells has been built at the Advanced Light Source on Beamline 12.2.2. This beamline benefits from the hard X-radiation generated by a 6 Tesla superconducting bending magnet (superbend). Useful x-ray flux is available between 5 keV and 35 keV. The radiation is transferred from the superbend to the experimental enclosure by the brightness preserving optics of the beamline. These optics are comprised of: a plane parabola collimating mirror (M1), followed by a Kohzu monochromator vessel with a Si(111) crystals (E/{Delta}E {approx} 7000) and a W/B{sub 4}C multilayer (E/{Delta}E {approx} 100), and then a toroidal focusing mirror (M2) with variable focusing distance. The experimental enclosure contains an automated beam positioning system, a set of slits, ion chambers, the sample positioning goniometry and area detectors (CCD or image-plate detector). Future developments aim at the installation of a second end station dedicated for in situ laser-heating on one hand and a dedicated high-pressure single-crystal station, applying both monochromatic as well as polychromatic techniques.

140 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The laser-heating system for the diamond anvil cell at endstation 2 of beamline 12.2 of the Advanced Light Source in Berkeley, CA, has been constructed and is available for in situ high-pressure high-temperature X-ray experiments.
Abstract: The laser-heating system for the diamond anvil cell at endstation 2 of beamline 12.2.2 of the Advanced Light Source in Berkeley, CA, has been constructed and is available for in situ high-pressure high-temperature X-ray experiments. The endstation couples a high-brilliance synchrotron X-ray source with an industrial strength laser to heat and probe samples at high pressure in the diamond anvil cell. The system incorporates an 50 W Nd:YLF (cw) laser operated in TEM01* mode. Double-sided heating is achieved by splitting the laser beam into two paths that are directed through the opposing diamond anvils. X-ray transparent mirrors steer the laser beams coaxial with the X-ray beam from the superconducting bending magnet (energy range 6–35 KeV) and direct the emitted light from the heated sample into two separate spectrometers for temperature measurement by spectroradiometry. Objective lenses focus the laser beam to a size of 25 μm diameter (FWHM) in the sample region. An X-ray spot size of 10 μm diameter (FWHM) has been achieved with the installation of a pair of focusing Kirkpatrick–Baez mirrors. A unique aperture configuration has produced an X-ray beam profile that has very low intensity in the tails. The main thrust of the program is aimed at producing in situ high-pressure high-temperature X-ray diffraction data, but other modes of operation, such as X-ray imaging have been accomplished. Technical details of the experimental setup will be presented along with initial results.

30 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Advanced Light Source (ALS) was initially conceived primarily as a low-energy (1.9-GeV) third-generation source of vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) and soft X-ray radiation, and it was realized very early in the development of the facility that a multipole wiggler source coupled with high-quality (brightness-preserving) optics would result in a beamline whose performance across the optimal energy range (5-15 keV) for macromolecular crystallography (MX) would be comparable to, or even exceed, that of many
Abstract: Although the Advanced Light Source (ALS) was initially conceived primarily as a low-energy (1.9-GeV) third-generation source of vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) and soft X-ray radiation, it was realized very early in the development of the facility that a multipole wiggler source coupled with high-quality (brightness-preserving) optics would result in a beamline whose performance across the optimal energy range (5–15 keV) for macromolecular crystallography (MX) would be comparable to, or even exceed, that of many existing crystallography beamlines at higher-energy facilities. Hence, starting in 1996, a suite of three beamlines, branching off a single wiggler source, was constructed, which together formed the ALS Macromolecular Crystallography Facility [1]. From the outset, this facility was designed to cater equally to the needs of both academic and industrial users, with a heavy emphasis placed on the development and introduction of high-throughput crystallographic tools, techniques, and facilities, including la...

3 citations


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The uncovered aggregation and design rules yield three high-efficiency (>10%) donor polymers and will allow further synthetic advances and matching of both the polymer and fullerene materials, potentially leading to significantly improved performance and increased design flexibility.
Abstract: Although the field of polymer solar cell has seen much progress in device performance in the past few years, several limitations are holding back its further development For instance, current high-efficiency (>90%) cells are restricted to material combinations that are based on limited donor polymers and only one specific fullerene acceptor Here we report the achievement of high-performance (efficiencies up to 108%, fill factors up to 77%) thick-film polymer solar cells for multiple polymer:fullerene combinations via the formation of a near-ideal polymer:fullerene morphology that contains highly crystalline yet reasonably small polymer domains This morphology is controlled by the temperature-dependent aggregation behaviour of the donor polymers and is insensitive to the choice of fullerenes The uncovered aggregation and design rules yield three high-efficiency (>10%) donor polymers and will allow further synthetic advances and matching of both the polymer and fullerene materials, potentially leading to significantly improved performance and increased design flexibility

2,839 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the synergistic effects of a hydrocarbon solvent, a novel additive, a suitable choice of polymer side chain, and strong temperature-dependent aggregation of the donor polymer are used to produce active layers of organic solar cells in an environmentally friendly way.
Abstract: Organic solar cells have desirable properties, including low cost of materials, high-throughput roll-to-roll production, mechanical flexibility and light weight. However, all top-performance devices are at present processed using halogenated solvents, which are environmentally hazardous and would thus require expensive mitigation to contain the hazards. Attempts to process organic solar cells from non-halogenated solvents lead to inferior performance. Overcoming this hurdle, here we present a hydrocarbon-based processing system that is not only more environmentally friendly but also yields cells with power conversion efficiencies of up to 11.7%. Our processing system incorporates the synergistic effects of a hydrocarbon solvent, a novel additive, a suitable choice of polymer side chain, and strong temperature-dependent aggregation of the donor polymer. Our results not only demonstrate a method of producing active layers of organic solar cells in an environmentally friendly way, but also provide important scientific insights that will facilitate further improvement of the morphology and performance of organic solar cells. The processing of high-performance organic solar cells usually requires environmentally hazardous solvents. Now, hydrocarbon-based processing is shown to achieve relatively high performance in a more environmentally friendly way.

2,052 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The two new SMAs (IT-M and IT-DM) end-capped by methyl-modified dicycanovinylindan-1-one exhibit upshifted lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels, and hence higher open-circuit voltages can be observed in the corresponding devices.
Abstract: Fine energy-level modulations of small-molecule acceptors (SMAs) are realized via subtle chemical modifications on strong electron-withdrawing end-groups. The two new SMAs (IT-M and IT-DM) end-capped by methyl-modified dicycanovinylindan-1-one exhibit upshifted lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels, and hence higher open-circuit voltages can be observed in the corresponding devices. Finally, a top power conversion efficiency of 12.05% is achieved.

1,276 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, fast and efficient charge separation is essential to achieve high power conversion efficiency in organic solar cells (OSCs), and in state-of-the-art OSCs, this is usually achieved by a significant driv
Abstract: Fast and efficient charge separation is essential to achieve high power conversion efficiency in organic solar cells (OSCs). In state-of-the-art OSCs, this is usually achieved by a significant driv ...

1,088 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new copolymer PM6 based on fluorothienyl-substituted benzodithiophene is synthesized and characterized, and the inverted polymer solar cells based on PM6 exhibit excellent performance and power conversion efficiency.
Abstract: A new copolymer PM6 based on fluorothienyl-substituted benzodithiophene is synthesized and characterized. The inverted polymer solar cells based on PM6 exhibit excellent performance with Voc of 0.98 V and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.2% for a thin-film thickness of 75 nm. Furthermore, the single-junction semitransparent device shows a high PCE of 5.7%.

758 citations