Author
James J. Cimino
Other affiliations: Duke University, Rutgers University, University of Alabama ...read more
Bio: James J. Cimino is an academic researcher from University of Alabama at Birmingham. The author has contributed to research in topics: Unified Medical Language System & Information needs. The author has an hindex of 58, co-authored 367 publications receiving 12899 citations. Previous affiliations of James J. Cimino include Duke University & Rutgers University.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: Development of a general natural-language processor that identifies clinical information in narrative reports and maps that information into a structured representation containing clinical terms, using radiology as the test domain.
733 citations
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19 Jul 2021
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the future of medical computing applications in health care, including computer-based patient-record systems, information-retrieval systems, and decision support systems.
Abstract: Recurrent Themes in Medical Informatics: The Computer Meets Medicine and Biology: Emergence of a Discipline Medical Data: Their Acquisition, Storage, and Use Medical Decision-Making: Probabilistic Medical Reasoning Essential Concepts for Medical Computing System Design and Engineering Standards in Medical Informatics Ethics and Health Informatics: Uses, Standards, and Outcomes Evaluation and Technology Assessment * Medical Computing Applications: Computer-Based Patient-Record Systems Management of Clinical Information in Integrated Delivery Networks Public Health and Consumer Uses of Health Information: Education, Research, Policy, Prevention, and Quality Assurance Patient Care Systems Patient-Monitoring Systems Imaging Systems Information-Retrieval Systems Clinical Decision-Support Systems Computers in Medical Education Bioinformatics * Medical Informatics in the Years Ahead: Health Care and Information Technology: Growing Up Together The Future of Computer Applications in Health Care.
694 citations
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TL;DR: This paper brings together some of the common themes which have been described, including: vocabulary content, concept orientation, concept Orientation, concept permanence, nonsemantic concept identifiers, polyhierarchy, formal definitions, rejection of "not elsewhere classified" terms, multiple granularities, multiple consistent views, context representation, graceful evolution, and recognized redundancy.
Abstract: Builders of medical informatics applications need controlled medical vocabularies to support their applications and it is to their advantage to use available standards. In order to do so, however, these standards need to address the requirements of their intended users. Over the past decade, medical informatics researchers have begun to articulate some of these requirements. This paper brings together some of the common themes which have been described, including: vocabulary content, concept orientation, concept permanence, nonsemantic concept identifiers, polyhierarchy, formal definitions, rejection of "not elsewhere classified" terms, multiple granularities, multiple consistent views, context representation, graceful evolution, and recognized redundancy. Standards developers are beginning to recognize and address these desiderata and adapt their offerings to meet them.
610 citations
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TL;DR: A list of caveats is developed to inform would-be users of such data as well as provide an informatics roadmap that aims to insure this opportunity to augment comparative effectiveness research can be best leveraged.
Abstract: The growing amount of data in operational electronic health record systems provides unprecedented opportunity for its reuse for many tasks, including comparative effectiveness research. However, there are many caveats to the use of such data. Electronic health record data from clinical settings may be inaccurate, incomplete, transformed in ways that undermine their meaning, unrecoverable for research, of unknown provenance, of insufficient granularity, and incompatible with research protocols. However, the quantity and real-world nature of these data provide impetus for their use, and we develop a list of caveats to inform would-be users of such data as well as provide an informatics roadmap that aims to insure this opportunity to augment comparative effectiveness research can be best leveraged.
437 citations
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TL;DR: A key element in the distribution of DXplain is the planned collaboration with its physician-users whose comments, criticisms, and suggestions will play an important role in modifying and enhancing the knowledge base.
Abstract: DXplain is an evolving computer-based diagnostic decision-support system designed for use by the physician who has no computer expertise. DXplain accepts a list of clinical manifestations and then proposes diagnostic hypotheses. The program explains and justifies its interpretations and provides access to a knowledge base concerning the differential diagnosis of the signs and symptoms. DXplain was developed with the support and cooperation of the American Medical Association. The system is distributed to the medical community through AMA/NET—a nationwide computer communications network sponsored by the American Medical Association—and through the Massachusetts General Hospital Continuing Education Network. A key element in the distribution of DXplain is the planned collaboration with its physician-users whose comments, criticisms, and suggestions will play an important role in modifying and enhancing the knowledge base. ( JAMA 1987;258:67-74)
404 citations
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TL;DR: The 11th edition of Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine welcomes Anthony Fauci to its editorial staff, in addition to more than 85 new contributors.
Abstract: The 11th edition of Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine welcomes Anthony Fauci to its editorial staff, in addition to more than 85 new contributors. While the organization of the book is similar to previous editions, major emphasis has been placed on disorders that affect multiple organ systems. Important advances in genetics, immunology, and oncology are emphasized. Many chapters of the book have been rewritten and describe major advances in internal medicine. Subjects that received only a paragraph or two of attention in previous editions are now covered in entire chapters. Among the chapters that have been extensively revised are the chapters on infections in the compromised host, on skin rashes in infections, on many of the viral infections, including cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus, on sexually transmitted diseases, on diabetes mellitus, on disorders of bone and mineral metabolism, and on lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. The major revisions in these chapters and many
6,968 citations
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01 Jan 1999
TL;DR: In Sorting Things Out, Bowker and Star as mentioned in this paper explore the role of categories and standards in shaping the modern world and examine how categories are made and kept invisible, and how people can change this invisibility when necessary.
Abstract: What do a seventeenth-century mortality table (whose causes of death include "fainted in a bath," "frighted," and "itch"); the identification of South Africans during apartheid as European, Asian, colored, or black; and the separation of machine- from hand-washables have in common? All are examples of classification -- the scaffolding of information infrastructures. In Sorting Things Out, Geoffrey C. Bowker and Susan Leigh Star explore the role of categories and standards in shaping the modern world. In a clear and lively style, they investigate a variety of classification systems, including the International Classification of Diseases, the Nursing Interventions Classification, race classification under apartheid in South Africa, and the classification of viruses and of tuberculosis. The authors emphasize the role of invisibility in the process by which classification orders human interaction. They examine how categories are made and kept invisible, and how people can change this invisibility when necessary. They also explore systems of classification as part of the built information environment. Much as an urban historian would review highway permits and zoning decisions to tell a city's story, the authors review archives of classification design to understand how decisions have been made. Sorting Things Out has a moral agenda, for each standard and category valorizes some point of view and silences another. Standards and classifications produce advantage or suffering. Jobs are made and lost; some regions benefit at the expense of others. How these choices are made and how we think about that process are at the moral and political core of this work. The book is an important empirical source for understanding the building of information infrastructures.
4,480 citations
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01 Jan 2001TL;DR: MetaMap as discussed by the authors is a system developed at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to map biomedical text to the UMLS Metathesaurus or, equivalently, to discover METAThesaurus concepts referred to in text.
Abstract: The UMLS Metathesaurus, the largest thesaurus in the biomedical domain, provides a representation of biomedical knowledge consisting of concepts classified by semantic type and both hierarchical and non-hierarchical relationships among the concepts. This knowledge has proved useful for many applications including decision support systems, management of patient records, information retrieval (IR) and data mining. Gaining effective access to the knowledge is critical to the success of these applications. This paper describes MetaMap, a program developed at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to map biomedical text to the Metathesaurus or, equivalently, to discover Metathesaurus concepts referred to in text. MetaMap uses a knowledge intensive approach based on symbolic, natural language processing (NLP) and computational linguistic techniques. Besides being applied for both IR and data mining applications, MetaMap is one of the foundations of NLM's Indexing Initiative System which is being applied to both semi-automatic and fully automatic indexing of the biomedical literature at the library.
1,968 citations
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18 Nov 2009
TL;DR: This introduction presents the main motivations for the development of Description Logics as a formalism for representing knowledge, as well as some important basic notions underlying all systems that have been created in the DL tradition.
Abstract: This introduction presents the main motivations for the development of Description Logics (DLs) as a formalism for representing knowledge, as well as some important basic notions underlying all systems that have been created in the DL tradition. In addition, we provide the reader with an overview of the entire book and some guidelines for reading it. We first address the relationship between Description Logics and earlier semantic network and frame systems, which represent the original heritage of the field. We delve into some of the key problems encountered with the older efforts. Subsequently, we introduce the basic features of DL languages and related reasoning techniques. DL languages are then viewed as the core of knowledge representation systems, considering both the structure of a DL knowledge base and its associated reasoning services. The development of some implemented knowledge representation systems based on Description Logics and the first applications built with such systems are then reviewed. Finally, we address the relationship of Description Logics to other fields of Computer Science.We also discuss some extensions of the basic representation language machinery; these include features proposed for incorporation in the formalism that originally arose in implemented systems, and features proposed to cope with the needs of certain application domains.
1,966 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed guidelines for reporting reliability and agreement studies in interrater and intra-arater reliability and agreements, and proposed 15 issues that should be addressed when reporting such studies.
1,605 citations