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James Martin

Other affiliations: Monash University, Macquarie University, Mayo Clinic  ...read more
Bio: James Martin is an academic researcher from Swinburne University of Technology. The author has contributed to research in topics: Research ethics & Medical prescription. The author has an hindex of 12, co-authored 34 publications receiving 679 citations. Previous affiliations of James Martin include Monash University & Macquarie University.

Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is argued that while Silk Road presents a less violent alternative to conventional drug distribution networks, the risks posed by the rapid proliferation of cryptomarkets more generally are largely unknown and require further research.
Abstract: The illicit drugs website, Silk Road, presents an ideal case study for how online communication technologies are transforming crime. This article seeks to locate the offences committed via Silk Roa...

200 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
John M. Pach1, David Robertson1, B S Taney1, James Martin1, R J Campbell1, Peter C. O'Brien1 
TL;DR: In a retrospective study, 50 (8.2%) of 610 patients with malignant melanoma of the ciliary body or choroid had extrascleral extension and five patients had orbital recurrences and all died within 31 months of surgery regardless of treatment.

69 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
13 Jun 2018-BMJ
TL;DR: The scheduling change in hydrocodone combination products coincided with a statistically significant, sustained increase in illicit trading of opioids through online US cryptomarkets, which was observed towards the purchase of more potent forms of prescription opioids, particularly oxycodone and fentanyl.
Abstract: Objective To examine the effect on the trade in opioids through online illicit markets (“cryptomarkets”) of the US Drug Enforcement Administration’s ruling in 2014 to reschedule hydrocodone combination products. Design Interrupted time series analysis. Setting 31 of the world’s largest cryptomarkets operating from October 2013 to July 2016. Main outcome measures The proportion of total transactions, advertised and active listings for prescription opioids, prescription sedatives, prescription steroids, prescription stimulants, and illicit opioids, and the composition of the prescription opioid market between the US and elsewhere. Results The sale of prescription opioids through US cryptomarkets increased after the schedule change, with no statistically significant changes in sales of prescription sedatives, prescription steroids, prescription stimulants, or illicit opioids. In July 2016 sales of opioids through US cryptomarkets represented 13.7% of all drug sales (95% confidence interval 11.5% to 16.0%) compared with a modelled estimate of 6.7% of all sales (3.7% to 9.6%) had the new schedule not been introduced. This corresponds to a 4 percentage point yearly increase in the amount of trade that prescription opioids represent in the US market, set against no corresponding changes for comparable products or for prescription opioids sold outside the US. This change was first observed for sales, and later observed for product availability. There was also a change in the composition of the prescription opioid market: fentanyl was the least purchased product during July to September 2014, then the second most frequently purchased by July 2016. Conclusions The scheduling change in hydrocodone combination products coincided with a statistically significant, sustained increase in illicit trading of opioids through online US cryptomarkets. These changes were not observed for other drug groups or in other countries. A subsequent move was observed towards the purchase of more potent forms of prescription opioids, particularly oxycodone and fentanyl.

58 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Tensions are explored and some of the more prominent and pressing ethical questions, including public vs. private online spaces, anonymity, data sharing and ownership, risks and threats to research subjects and researchers are addressed.

52 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Singer as mentioned in this paper discusses the role of the private military industry in the United States' involvement in the war in Iraq and argues that 1 in 10 of those deployed in the most recent war was a contractor.
Abstract: Corporate Warriors: The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry. By P. W. Singer. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2003. 368p. $39.95.Peter Singer has produced a highly commendable volume for the Cornell Studies in Security Affairs series on an area of study that has received relatively little attention within the academic world. Much of the existing literature focuses on the mercenary end of private military companies (PMCs) and ignores the breadth of the industry. Similarly, the debate on transformation has tended to focus on technology and changing approaches to the conduct of war; relatively little has concerned itself with the increasing role of the privatized military companies, yet, as Singer points out, 1 in 10 of those deployed by the United States in the most recent war in Iraq was a contractor. It is not just the scale of the industry at present (one estimate puts it at $100 billion per year) that makes it an important area for study. It is also that this industry covers the full spectrum of defense activities. It ranges from service provision at home to the provision of combat services and military units. This will become even more so as we move away from the linear battlefield and the idea of a front line melts away. Moreover, this is not just a Third World issue; virtually every state uses elements of the industry, with the United States being the largest user.

419 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Karolyi et al. as mentioned in this paper found that around $76 billion of illegal activity per year involve bitcoin (46% of bitcoin transactions), which is close to the scale of the U.S. and European markets for illegal drugs.
Abstract: Cryptocurrencies are among the largest unregulated markets in the world. We find that approximately one-quarter of bitcoin users are involved in illegal activity. We estimate that around $\$$76 billion of illegal activity per year involve bitcoin (46% of bitcoin transactions), which is close to the scale of the U.S. and European markets for illegal drugs. The illegal share of bitcoin activity declines with mainstream interest in bitcoin and with the emergence of more opaque cryptocurrencies. The techniques developed in this paper have applications in cryptocurrency surveillance. Our findings suggest that cryptocurrencies are transforming the black markets by enabling “black e-commerce.”Received June 1, 2017; editorial decision December 8, 2018 by Editor Andrew Karolyi. Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.

364 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The purpose of this review is to present the world's experience with radiotherapy for choroidal melanoma, information that will contribute to patient education and informed consent.

276 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors found that approximately one-quarter of all bitcoin users are involved in illegal activity, which is close to the scale of the US and European markets for illegal drugs.
Abstract: Cryptocurrencies are among the largest unregulated markets in the world. We find that approximately one-quarter of bitcoin users are involved in illegal activity. We estimate that around $76 billion of illegal activity per year involves bitcoin (46% of bitcoin transactions), which is close to the scale of the US and European markets for illegal drugs. The illegal share of bitcoin activity declines with mainstream interest in bitcoin and with the emergence of more opaque cryptocurrencies. The techniques developed in this paper have applications in cryptocurrency surveillance. Our findings suggest that cryptocurrencies are transforming the black markets by enabling “black e-commerce.”

276 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Investigating mitochondrial function in selected depressed patients in search of an aetiological or pathophysiological factor common to both depression and physical symptoms suggested that mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with vulnerability to psychopathology in this selected patient group.

241 citations