Preface Chapter 1 The challenge Chapter 2 The nature of the evidence: A synthesis of meta-analyses Chapter 3 The argument: Visible teaching and visible learning Chapter 4: The contributions from the student Chapter 5 The contributions from the home Chapter 6 The contributions from the school Chapter 7 The contributions from the teacher Chapter 8 The contributions from the curricula Chapter 9 The contributions from teaching approaches - I Chapter 10 The contributions from teaching approaches - II Chapter 11: Bringing it all together Appendix A: The 800 meta-analyses Appendix B: The meta-analyses by rank order References

Visible Learning: A Synthesis of Over 800 Meta-Analyses Relating to Achievement

Research on moral judgment has been dominated by rationalist models, in which moral judgment is thought to be caused by moral reasoning. The author gives 4 reasons for considering the hypothesis that moral reasoning does not cause moral judgment; rather, moral reasoning is usually a post hoc construction, generated after a judgment has been reached. The social intuitionist model is presented as an alternative to rationalist models. The model is a social model in that it deemphasizes the private reasoning done by individuals and emphasizes instead the importance of social and cultural influences. The model is an intuitionist model in that it states that moral judgment is generally the result of quick, automatic evaluations (intuitions). The model is more consistent than rationalist models with recent findings in social, cultural, evolutionary, and biological psychology, as well as in anthropology and primatology.

https://www.motherjones.com/files/emotional_dog_and_rational_tail.pdf

The emotional dog and its rational tail: a social intuitionist approach to moral judgment.

Existing theoretical models of individual ethical decision making in organizations place little or no emphasis on characteristics of the ethical issue itself. This article (a) proposes an issue-contingent model containing a new set of variables called moral intensity; (b) using concepts, theory, and evidence derived largely from social psychology, argues that moral intensity influences every component of moral decision making and behavior; (c) offers four research propositions: and (d) discusses implications of the theory.

https://iranakhlagh.nipc.ir/uploads/Ethical_decision_9905.pdf

Ethical Decision Making by Individuals in Organizations: An Issue-Contingent Model

Our literature review focuses on the emerging construct of ethical leadership and compares this construct with related concepts that share a common concern for a moral dimension of leadership (e.g., spiritual, authentic, and transformational leadership). Drawing broadly from the intersection of the ethics and leadership literatures, we offer propositions about the antecedents and outcomes of ethical leadership. We also identify issues and questions to be addressed in the future and discuss their implications for research and practice. Our review indicates that ethical leadership remains largely unexplored, offering researchers opportunities for new discoveries and leaders opportunities to improve their effectiveness.

https://iranakhlagh.nipc.ir/uploads/science_p_10105_5765.pdf

Ethical leadership: A review and future directions

Anarchy, state, and utopia

This book focuses on a theoretical framework (the Four-Component Model) and evaluations of the Defining Issues Test (DIT) developed by Rest and his coworkers. The authors assess their own work with the DIT and that of hundreds of other investigators. Among their conclusions are: formal education is correlated with moral judgment; there is evidence for Kohlberg's higher stages; moral education programs produce modest gains, and, there are no sex differences. The book is important for libraries wishing a complete collection on moral development. Choice

Moral Development: Advances in Research and Theory

Development in Judging Moral Issues

Contents: Preface Overview of Our Neo-Kohlbergian Approach Psychological and Philosophical Challenges to Kohlberg's Approach A Neo-Kohlbergian Approach Based on the DIT Validity and Reliability Studies of the DIT New Issues, New Theory, New Findings Stages or Schemas? Integrating With the Domain Approach Integrating With the Cultural Psychology Approach Summary Appendices: The ATHRI Services and Materials Available From the Minnesota Center

Postconventional Moral Thinking: A Neo-kohlbergian Approach

Contents: Preface. J.R. Rest, Background: Theory and Research. S.P. McNeel, College Teaching and Student Moral Development. L.J. Duckett, M.B. Ryden, Education for Ethical Nursing Practice. F-Y. Chang, School Teachers' Moral Reasoning. N.A. Sprinthall, Counseling and Social Role Taking: Promoting Moral and Ego Development. L.A. Ponemon, D.R.L. Gabhart, Ethical Reasoning Research in the Accounting and Auditing Professions. M.J. Bebeau, Influencing the Moral Dimensions of Dental Practice. D.J. Self, D.C. Baldwin, Jr., Moral Reasoning in Medicine. D.J. Self, M. Olivarez, D.C. Baldwin, Jr., Moral Reasoning in Veterinary Medicine. B.J.L. Bredemeier, D.L.L. Shields, Applied Ethics and Moral Reasoning in Sport. T. Westbrook, Tracking the Moral Development of Journalists: A Look at Them and Their Work. S. Thoma, Moral Judgments and Moral Action. J.R. Rest, D. Narvaez, Summary: What's Possible?

Moral Development in the Professions : Psychology and Applied Ethics

The Denning Issues Test, Version 2 (DIT2), updates dilemmas and items, shortens the original Defining Issues Test (DIT1) of moral judgment, and purges fewer participants for doubtful response reliability DIT1 has been used for over 25 years DIT2 makes 3 changes: in dilemmas and items, in the algorithm of indexing, and in the method of detecting unreliable participants With all 3 changes, DIT2 is an improvement over DIT1 The validity criteria for DIT2 are (a) significant age and educational differences among 9th graders, high school graduates, college seniors, and students in graduate and professional schools; (b) prediction of views on public policy issues (eg, abortion, religion in schools, rights of homosexuals, women's roles); (c) internal reliability; and (d) correlation with DIT1 However, the increased power of DIT2 over DIT1 is primarily due to the new methods of analysis (a new index called N2, new checks) rather than to changes in dilemmas, items, or instructions Although DIT2 presents updated dilemmas and smoother wording in a shorter test (practical improvements), the improvements in analyses account for the validity improvements

/pdf/dit2-devising-and-testing-a-revised-instrument-of-moral-2aqd1hlrm7.pdf

James R. Rest

Papers

Moral Development: Advances in Research and Theory

Development in Judging Moral Issues

Postconventional Moral Thinking: A Neo-kohlbergian Approach

Moral Development in the Professions : Psychology and Applied Ethics

DIT2: Devising and testing a revised instrument of moral judgment.