James Taylor

Bio: James Taylor is an academic researcher from Newcastle University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Laser & Fiber laser. The author has an hindex of 95, co-authored 1161 publications receiving 39945 citations. Previous affiliations of James Taylor include Institut national de la recherche agronomique & European Spallation Source.

High-power 1664.7-nm fiber source based on Raman and parametric gain

Abstract: Summary form only given. We present a CW, single-pass, coherent fiber source at 1664.7 nm based on four-wave mixing (FWM) and first and second-order stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) from two high-power pumps. The source had a 1.7-nm 3-dB linewidth and up to 371 mW of power. The two high-power pumps consisted of a CW 1454.5-nm fiber Raman laser (FRL) and a CW 1536-to-1567-nm tunable filtered amplified spontaneous emission source (FASES) based on series of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA) and tunable bandpass filters. The pumps were combined by a wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) coupler and launched into 9 km of dispersion-shifted fiber (DSF) with /spl sim/1550 nm zero-dispersion. Polarization controllers (PC) were used to optimize FWM in the DSF. The post-coupler powers were 0.9 W and up to 1.4 W for the FRL and the FASES, respectively.

Reversal of Frailty after LVAD Associated with Significant Reduction in Markers of Inflammation.

Abstract: Purpose Inflammation has been implicated in frailty seen in heart failure (HF), and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has been associated with worse outcomes in HF. Assessment of frailty is key in determining eligibility for advanced therapies (AT). Most programs use a subjective assessment (SA), but the Modified Fried Frailty Index (mFFI) has been widely validated. We assessed MIF levels in patients referred for AT and the changes in mFFI and MIF after LVAD. Additionally, we compared SA to mFFI testing in patients referred for AT. Methods All patients referred for evaluation for AT underwent SA and mFFI assessments and blood testing for MIF. Three providers (Ps) independently assessed patients to be frail or not frail (SA). mFFI assigns a frailty point in each of five domains: weight loss, fatigue, activity, walk time, and strength. Patients are frail when scored ≥ 3. Patients who underwent LVAD were reevaluated for mFFI and MIF at 3 and 6 months. Results Over 18 months, 54 subjects (61±11 yrs) were studied, 11 underwent LVAD. Frail patients were older, and had lower albumin and Hb. SA significantly underestimated frailty compared to mFFI (3-23% vs. 60%, p Conclusion SA significantly underestimates frailty as compared to mFFI. Both frailty scores and MIF improved after LVAD, suggesting reversibility of the frailty syndrome. Understanding frailty will be key to improving outcomes in advanced HF.

Application of real time infrared spectroscopy to monitoring the kinetics of chemically amplified resists

Abstract: Currently, the major approach to improving the performance of chemically amplified resists is by means of statistical design methods. These methods do not make use of information about the underlying chemical processes, information which could be useful in expediting the optimization process. We have developed techniques and equipment to monitor changes in resist chemistry during the bake steps using in situ using real time Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (RT‐FTIR). Using the Shipley SAL 605 negative chemically amplified resist, we monitored exposed resist as it was being baked at 110 °C; we were thus able to see several peaks change, including the growth of a peak at 982 cm−1 which we associate with the formation of an ether linkage during cross‐linking. When the height of this peak is plotted over time from the start of the bake, it shows several things, among them (a) the reaction being monitored takes much longer to reach its final level of completion (≳300 s) than the statistically derived op...

I and i

Abstract: There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality. Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

Using Multivariate Statistics

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The Design and Analysis of Experiments

Abstract: THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTS. By Oscar Kempthorne. New York, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1952. 631 pp. $8.50. This book by a teacher of statistics (as well as a consultant for \"experimenters\") is a comprehensive study of the philosophical background for the statistical design of experiment. It is necessary to have some facility with algebraic notation and manipulation to be able to use the volume intelligently. The problems are presented from the theoretical point of view, without such practical examples as would be helpful for those not acquainted with mathematics. The mathematical justification for the techniques is given. As a somewhat advanced treatment of the design and analysis of experiments, this volume will be interesting and helpful for many who approach statistics theoretically as well as practically. With emphasis on the \"why,\" and with description given broadly, the author relates the subject matter to the general theory of statistics and to the general problem of experimental inference. MARGARET J. ROBERTSON

Machine learning

Abstract: Machine Learning is the study of methods for programming computers to learn. Computers are applied to a wide range of tasks, and for most of these it is relatively easy for programmers to design and implement the necessary software. However, there are many tasks for which this is difficult or impossible. These can be divided into four general categories. First, there are problems for which there exist no human experts. For example, in modern automated manufacturing facilities, there is a need to predict machine failures before they occur by analyzing sensor readings. Because the machines are new, there are no human experts who can be interviewed by a programmer to provide the knowledge necessary to build a computer system. A machine learning system can study recorded data and subsequent machine failures and learn prediction rules. Second, there are problems where human experts exist, but where they are unable to explain their expertise. This is the case in many perceptual tasks, such as speech recognition, hand-writing recognition, and natural language understanding. Virtually all humans exhibit expert-level abilities on these tasks, but none of them can describe the detailed steps that they follow as they perform them. Fortunately, humans can provide machines with examples of the inputs and correct outputs for these tasks, so machine learning algorithms can learn to map the inputs to the outputs. Third, there are problems where phenomena are changing rapidly. In finance, for example, people would like to predict the future behavior of the stock market, of consumer purchases, or of exchange rates. These behaviors change frequently, so that even if a programmer could construct a good predictive computer program, it would need to be rewritten frequently. A learning program can relieve the programmer of this burden by constantly modifying and tuning a set of learned prediction rules. Fourth, there are applications that need to be customized for each computer user separately. Consider, for example, a program to filter unwanted electronic mail messages. Different users will need different filters. It is unreasonable to expect each user to program his or her own rules, and it is infeasible to provide every user with a software engineer to keep the rules up-to-date. A machine learning system can learn which mail messages the user rejects and maintain the filtering rules automatically. Machine learning addresses many of the same research questions as the fields of statistics, data mining, and psychology, but with differences of emphasis. Statistics focuses on understanding the phenomena that have generated the data, often with the goal of testing different hypotheses about those phenomena. Data mining seeks to find patterns in the data that are understandable by people. Psychological studies of human learning aspire to understand the mechanisms underlying the various learning behaviors exhibited by people (concept learning, skill acquisition, strategy change, etc.).

Linear Matrix Inequalities in System and Control Theory

Abstract: Preface 1. Introduction Overview A Brief History of LMIs in Control Theory Notes on the Style of the Book Origin of the Book 2. Some Standard Problems Involving LMIs. Linear Matrix Inequalities Some Standard Problems Ellipsoid Algorithm Interior-Point Methods Strict and Nonstrict LMIs Miscellaneous Results on Matrix Inequalities Some LMI Problems with Analytic Solutions 3. Some Matrix Problems. Minimizing Condition Number by Scaling Minimizing Condition Number of a Positive-Definite Matrix Minimizing Norm by Scaling Rescaling a Matrix Positive-Definite Matrix Completion Problems Quadratic Approximation of a Polytopic Norm Ellipsoidal Approximation 4. Linear Differential Inclusions. Differential Inclusions Some Specific LDIs Nonlinear System Analysis via LDIs 5. Analysis of LDIs: State Properties. Quadratic Stability Invariant Ellipsoids 6. Analysis of LDIs: Input/Output Properties. Input-to-State Properties State-to-Output Properties Input-to-Output Properties 7. State-Feedback Synthesis for LDIs. Static State-Feedback Controllers State Properties Input-to-State Properties State-to-Output Properties Input-to-Output Properties Observer-Based Controllers for Nonlinear Systems 8. Lure and Multiplier Methods. Analysis of Lure Systems Integral Quadratic Constraints Multipliers for Systems with Unknown Parameters 9. Systems with Multiplicative Noise. Analysis of Systems with Multiplicative Noise State-Feedback Synthesis 10. Miscellaneous Problems. Optimization over an Affine Family of Linear Systems Analysis of Systems with LTI Perturbations Positive Orthant Stabilizability Linear Systems with Delays Interpolation Problems The Inverse Problem of Optimal Control System Realization Problems Multi-Criterion LQG Nonconvex Multi-Criterion Quadratic Problems Notation List of Acronyms Bibliography Index.