A concise state-of-the-art survey of fiber-reinforced polymer (also known as fiber-reinforced plastic) composites for construction applications in civil engineering is presented. The paper is organized into separate sections on structural shapes, bridge decks, internal reinforcements, externally bonded reinforcements, and standards and codes. Each section includes a historical review, the current state of the art, and future challenges.

Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites for Construction—State-of-the-Art Review

About the dynamic strength enhancement of concrete-like materials in a split Hopkinson pressure bar test

Local impact effects of hard missiles on concrete targets

Analysis of building collapse under blast loads

A plasticity concrete material model for dyna3d

Analyses were conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of jacketing columns of existing reinforced concrete multistory buildings to improve their survivability to attacks by explosives. Different standoff distances, charge sizes, and steel and composite jackets were considered. Two building designs were analyzed: one in which the building members were designed primarily for gravity loads (UBC seismic zone 1) and one in which the members were designed to resist seismic loads (UBC seismic zone 4). Structural response predictions were performed with the three-dimensional Lagrangian finite element code DYNA3D, using a concrete material model especially designed to predict nonlinear concrete responses to explosive loads. The results indicate that jacketing can be an effective means to retrofit an existing facility to lessen its vulnerability to blast loads.

Retrofit of Reinforced Concrete Structures to Resist Blast Effects

: This paper describes a technique used to characterize the loading and damage generated by the primary fragments from cased munitions on reinforced concrete slabs or walls. It has been observed that the damage generated by the fragments, while usually of secondary importance to the airblast, can in some circumstances dominate the response. Test observations indicate that fragments from cased conventional bombs, not only directly load a wall element through momentum transfer, but also create a substantial amount of damage on the wall's front face. This damage may include slicing of the reinforcement and complete removal of concrete from the front face to depths beyond the front face reinforcement. Single fragment tests have also shown that the momentum transferred is substantially greater than the fragment momentum prior to impact, due to the significant amount of concrete debris ejected from the impact crater. Equivalent forcing functions, in terms of pressure versus time, are derived to approximate both the momentum transfer and the damage generated in the concrete.

James W. Wesevich

Papers

A plasticity concrete material model for dyna3d

Retrofit of Reinforced Concrete Structures to Resist Blast Effects

Modeling of Fragment Loads and Effects on Reinforced Concrete Slabs