Author
Jan Klavus
Bio: Jan Klavus is an academic researcher from World Health Organization. The author has contributed to research in topics: Public health & Survey data collection. The author has an hindex of 3, co-authored 3 publications receiving 1875 citations.
Papers
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TL;DR: People, particularly in poor households, can be protected from catastrophic health expenditures by reducing a health system's reliance on out-of-pocket payments and providing more financial risk protection.
1,981 citations
Book Chapter•
01 Jan 2003
TL;DR: This chapter introduces a method for estimating the HFC from household survey data and describes in detail the calculation of households’ health system payments through different payment mechanisms and the measurement of capacity to pay.
Abstract: In addition to improving population health, an important goal of health systems is to ensure that the financial burden of paying for health is distributed fairly across households (1). Exploring fairness in financial contribution requires the ability to measure each household’s financial contribution (HFC), defined as the ratio of a household’s health system contributions to its capacity to pay. This chapter, organized into five sections, introduces a method for estimating the HFC from household survey data. Section two presents the framework for analysis and the definition of the numerator and denominator of HFC. The third and fourth sections describe in detail the calculation of households’ health system payments through different payment mechanisms and the measurement of capacity to pay. In this context, the data required for estimation are also presented. The last section describes some remaining challenges concerning the measurement of capacity to pay, which are related to the quality of survey data.
90 citations
01 Jan 2003
13 citations
Cited by
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Boston Children's Hospital1, Harvard University2, King's College London3, Lund University4, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary5, University of São Paulo6, University of California, San Diego7, Imperial College London8, Brigham and Women's Hospital9, Partners In Health10, Royal North Shore Hospital11, Medical College of Wisconsin12, Nanyang Technological University13, Monash University14, University of Sierra Leone15, University of Oxford16, Mongolian National University17, University of Malawi18, Flinders University19, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center20, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre21, Royal Australasian College of Surgeons22, Stanford University23, University of California, San Francisco24
TL;DR: The need for surgical services in low- and middleincome countries will continue to rise substantially from now until 2030, with a large projected increase in the incidence of cancer, road traffic injuries, and cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in LMICs.
2,209 citations
TL;DR: People, particularly in poor households, can be protected from catastrophic health expenditures by reducing a health system's reliance on out-of-pocket payments and providing more financial risk protection.
1,981 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a step-by-step practical guide to the measurement of a variety of aspects of health equity, including gaps in health outcomes between the poor and the better-off in specific countries or in the developing world as a whole.
Abstract: This book shows how to implement a variety of analytic tools that allow health equity - along different dimensions and in different spheres - to be quantified. Questions that the techniques can help provide answers for include the following: Have gaps in health outcomes between the poor and the better-off grown in specific countries or in the developing world as a whole? Are they larger in one country than in another? Are health sector subsidies more equally distributed in some countries than in others? Is health care utilization equitably distributed in the sense that people in equal need receive similar amounts of health care irrespective of their income? Are health care payments more progressive in one health care financing system than in another? What are catastrophic payments? How can they be measured? How far do health care payments impoverish households? This volume has a simple aim: to provide researchers and analysts with a step-by-step practical guide to the measurement of a variety of aspects of health equity. Each chapter includes worked examples and computer code. The authors hope that these guides, and the easy-to-implement computer routines contained in them, will stimulate yet more analysis in the field of health equity, especially in developing countries. They hope this, in turn, will lead to more comprehensive monitoring of trends in health equity, a better understanding of the causes of these inequities, more extensive evaluation of the impacts of development programs on health equity, and more effective policies and programs to reduce inequities in the health sector.
1,301 citations
TL;DR: The varying incidence, prevalence, and mortality rates reflect the different levels of risk factors, other competing causes of death, availability of resources to combat cardiovascular disease, and the stage of epidemiologic transition that each country or region finds itself.
901 citations