Ján Výbošťok

Bio: Ján Výbošťok is an academic researcher from Slovak Academy of Sciences. The author has contributed to research in topics: Gross domestic product & Poverty. The author has an hindex of 2, co-authored 2 publications receiving 22 citations.

Economic Growth, Inequality and Poverty in the EU

Abstract: A country’s poverty rate is influenced by numerous factors, including economic growth and the distribution of its effects. This article aims to classify European Union (EU) member states in terms of their ability to handle the economic challenges of the past decade. A country’s ability to negotiate global challenges in conjunction with their respective social and economic growth, as well as that of the EU, represents a key classification attribute. In this article, classification is based on an analysis of changes in economic growth, inequality and poverty across all 28 EU member states. The classification emerges from monitoring trends in economic growth and inequality, and their interconnections with poverty across the different countries. In order to analyse these interactions, this investigates uses the Bourguignon model (Poverty-Growth-Inequality Triangle–PGI) and the Growth Incidence Curve. The article reveals that economic growth is connected with a decrease in poverty. However, as inequalities in income increase, poverty also increases. Nevertheless, rates of development differ across countries. Four broad categories of country sharing similar attributes are defined, and an additional, special category assigned to Greece owing to its distinctive attributes. These partial classifications facilitated the complex classification of the EU member states, by which different development tendencies across the countries in the period 2005–2015 might be deciphered. By analysing the relationships between gross domestic product, income distribution and poverty rates, and by developing a system by which to classify countries, essential information regarding individual countries’ economic and social development is revealed, with implications for their distinctive challenges in reducing inequality and poverty. The article also highlights considerable diversity in countries’ relative abilities to handle a range of unfavourable global trends, such as the recent global financial crisis. In general, countries with strong economies are better able to weather challenges such as inequality and poverty during a period of crisis.

Economic Growth, Inequalities and Poverty in Slovakia from 2005 to 2015 (the Analysis of Relations and Contexts at a Regional Level)

Abstract: Poverty rate is influenced by numerous factors. The determining ones are economic growth and the distribution of its effects. This article is therefore focused on the analysis of these effects and their relationship, as well as their influence on poverty at a regional level (NUTS 3, ‘kraj’). For the analysis of interactions between growth and distribution in correlation to poverty reduction, the Bourguignon model (the Poverty-Growth-Inequality triangle) and the growth incidence curve (GIC) were used. It was found that economic growth positively influences income inequalities as well as decreases the share of population under the poverty threshold in all regions. However, the development differs across regions. Based on the development and tendencies of the gross domestic product (GDP), income distribution and poverty it is obvious that economically strong regions (or their populations) dealt better with poverty during the crisis period.

Housing affordability, quality of life, and residential satisfaction in the Austrian cross-border suburban region of Bratislava, Slovakia

Abstract: Abstract Bratislava’s satellites have experienced massive development in recent years. The population of a regional centre has moved into its Slovak hinterland. However, Bratislava’s cross-border suburbs have recorded spectacular population growth too. After 2008, housing in the EU became more affordable due to rising incomes and decreasing bank interest rates. Yet, the housing affordability index in the EU (and in the studied area) decreased in recent years due to increasing property prices and, more recently, a reverse tendency in bank interest rates. Through a questionnaire, we sought to establish a link between housing affordability and suburban residents’ expected quality of life. We assumed that a large proportion of the population had moved here specifically for a higher quality of life (residential satisfaction) and more affordable housing. Indeed, these were among the most common reasons for moving, with a large proportion of respondents choosing at least one. The Mann-Whitney U test showed that residents who moved to the Austrian suburbs of Bratislava for affordable housing were more satisfied with living in the municipality and housing costs. The article tries to fill the gap in the literature on housing affordability in suburban areas and on the quality of life of cross-border suburban residents.

The Trade-off Between Poverty Reduction and Carbon Emissions, and the Role of Economic Growth and Inequality: An Empirical Cross-Country Analysis Using a Novel Indicator

Abstract: Is it possible for countries to eradicate poverty while also meeting environmental goals? Despite the passage of international agreements calling for these issues to be addressed simultaneously, little is known about the direct relationship between them. This study addresses this gap by proposing a new and composite indicator that integrates measures for both poverty and environmental outcomes (carbon emissions) into a single variable, the carbon intensity of poverty reduction (CIPR). This variable defines the trade-off between the proportional changes of emissions per capita and of the share of the population above the poverty line. In parallel an analytic framework is developed to formulate propositions concerning the possible effects of growth and inequality on the CIPR. The propositions are tested empirically using data from 135 countries across a 30-year time period (1981–2012). The findings confirm that the carbon intensity of poverty reduction is heterogeneous across countries. This heterogeneity is partly explained by economic growth, which is found to have a negative effect on the CIPR up to a certain income level, defined here as a “turning point”. Above that turning point, economic growth increases the CIPR. By contrast, inequality reduction is shown to have a significant negative effect on the CIPR. This study contributes to the literature on sustainable development by analytically and quantitatively linking its three dimensions (social, economic and environmental) and by employing a composite indicator that directly measures the trade-off between poverty reduction and emission levels across countries.

The Impact of Unemployment, Minimum Wage, and Real Gross Regional Domestic Product on Poverty Reduction in Provinces of Indonesia

Abstract: Poverty often impedes economic development in numerous countries, Indonesia included. Poverty, as a result of the failure of economic development, must continue to be suppressed and a solution sought, so that poverty no longer causes adverse effects for the country. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of unemployment, minimum wage, and real gross regional domestic product (GRDP) on poverty reduction in the provinces of Indonesia. Using periodic data from the Central Bureau of Statistics (Badan Pusat Statistik-BPS) over the period 2010-2019, the fixed effect model of the panel data analysis is estimated. The result showed that unemployment and wage had a significant positive effect on poverty in provinces of Indonesia. Meanwhile, the real GRDP had a significant negative effect on poverty in Indonesia. Thus, government policy must focus on reducing unemployment, maintaining price stability to preserve wage levels and purchasing power, and increasing the real GRDP to reduce poverty in Indonesia.

Natural Resource Rents and Social Capital Interaction: New Evidence on the Role of Financial Development

Abstract: The varied opinions on financial developmental impacts on growth in different economies have been the subject of considerable debates among economists during the last two decades, especially in natural-resource-rich countries. However, the role of financial development on a crucial channel of growth, i.e. social capital, has been neglected. Unlike previous studies, the level of income in resource-based economies has been considered an important factor influencing the way financial development affects social capital-resource rents’ interactions. Thus, in this paper, the impact of financial development as an infrastructure to turn natural capital into social capital has been investigated in two groups of resource-abundant countries using a panel data model during 2009:Q1-2016:Q4. The empirical results in the case of high-income economies show that a high level of financial development can ensure resource rents, positively influencing social capital. However, findings indicate an adverse impact of natural resource rents on social capital in medium-income countries.