Validity and Mechanical Turk

The Age of Migration

Current levels of youth unemployment need to be understood in the context of increased labor market flexibility, an expansion of higher education, youth migration, and family legacies of long-term unemployment. Compared with previous recessions, European-wide policies and investments have significantly increased with attempts to support national policies. By mapping these developments and debates, we illustrate the different factors shaping the future of European labor markets. We argue that understanding youth unemployment requires a holistic approach that combines an analysis of changes in the economic sphere around labor market flexibility, skills attainment, and employer demand, as well as understanding the impact of family legacies affecting increasingly polarized trajectories for young people today. The success of EU policy initiatives and investments will be shaped by the ability of national actors to implement these effectively.

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Five Characteristics of Youth Unemployment in Europe: Flexibility, Education, Migration, Family Legacies, and EU Policy

High and persistent unemployment has been a major blot on the economic and social record of most OECD countries since the early 1970s: the OECD average standardised unemployment rate rose from just over 3 per cent in 1973 to 7.3 per cent in 1997. In response to growing political concerns about the seemingly inexorable rise in unemployment, OECD Ministers gave the Organisation a mandate in 1992 to analyse the causes and consequences of high and persistent unemployment and propose effective remedies to deal with the problem.

What Works Among Active Labour Market Policies: Evidence from OECD Countries' Experiences | Conference – 1998

OECD Family database 한국자료구축 및 제공

This paper addresses the question to what extent social protection systems in different European countries do succeed in coping with the risks arising from non-standard forms of employment. Focusing on the examples of part-time and temporary employment, the paper will examine ex-clusionary transitions and the access to unemployment insurance benefits of workers concerned by these forms of employment. The European Community Household Panel Data (ECHP) will be used. The general hypothesis is that the adaptability of unemployment insurance systems varies between welfare regimes. Therefore, four countries will be compared: Denmark, Ger-many, Spain and the United Kingdom.

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Are unemployment insurance systems in Europe adapting to new risks arising from non-standard employment?

This book explores how to make globalization work better in the interest of the workers of the world. It discusses active labor market policies (ALMPs) that have to be put in place to combat some of the negative effects of globalization and introduce more security and decent work for workers. Comprising an array of measures, ALMPs can take the form of special support for job searching, training and education for the unemployed, and various other subsidies and job creation activities. While providing a valuable overview of the nature of ALMPs, the book examines some of the pitfalls and challenges countries face when evaluating these programs. It also provides a policy framework for designing policies that are a permanent, yet adaptable, instrument to cope with change linked to globalization and discusses different ways of financing these.

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Active Labour Market Policies around the World: Coping with the Consequences of Globalization

Das Schlagwort 'Flexicurity' gewinnt im Rahmen der aktuellen Reformen auf den europaischen Arbeitsmarkten an Bedeutung. Die Tragweite des Flexicurity- Konzepts soll hier am Beispiel der Hartz-Reformen in Deutschland untersucht werden. Ausgehend von der Definition als Zielkonflikt zwischen dem Bedurfnis der Arbeitgeber nach Flexibilitat und dem Bedurfnis der Arbeitnehmer nach Sicherheit werden weitere Konzeptualisierungen des Terms erortert. Darauf aufbauend werden Kriterien fur einen sowohl effizienten als auch gerechten Flexicurity-Nexus entwickelt. Nach einem kurzen Uberblick uber den Verlauf der Flexicurity-Debatte in Deutschland werden vier Instrumente, die im Rahmen der Hartz-Gesetzgebung eingefuhrt wurden, vorgestellt: Die 'Ich-AG'-Unterstutzung fur den Ubergang in die Selbstandigkeit, die 'Personal Service Agenturen' (PSA) fur die Vermittlung ehemals Arbeitsloser in regulare Beschaftigungsverhaltnisse, 'Mini-Jobs' und die Einfuhrung von 'Midi-Jobs', intendiert als Brucke in sozialversicherungspflichtige Beschaftigung, sowie die 'Entgeltsicherung fur altere Arbeitnehmer'. An Hand der im Theorieteil entwickelten Kriterien wird gefragt, inwieweit die einzelnen Komponenten von Flexibilitat und Sicherheit gestarkt werden und inwieweit die Masnahmen ausgewogen sind. Die Analyse zeigt dabei auf, dass die Qualitat der Masnahmen durch die Starkung unterschiedlicher Komponenten der Sicherheitsdimension gesteigert werden konnte.

https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/43983/1/512836795.pdf

On the Marriage of Flexibility and Security: Lessons from the Hartz-reforms in Germany

The economic crisis which began in most European countries in mid-2008 has had severe effects on labour markets. Although no country has escaped the crisis, the extent of output losses and the number of jobs lost, as well as the resulting rise in unemployment, vary considerably between countries. In order to shed light on this issue, this paper examines empirically how the current economic crisis has affected the different European economies in terms of the impact on output, and the knock-on effects, influenced by the specific institutional frameworks, on employment and unemployment.On the basis of comparable quarterly Eurostat data the differences between countries in terms of the way that the loss of output is translated into falls in working hours and head-count employment and rises in unemployment are analysed. A range of institutional factors expected to influence the transmission from output to employment and unemployment is examined for a selected group of four countries (Germany, the United Kingdom, Denmark and Spain).

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Janine Leschke

Papers

Five Characteristics of Youth Unemployment in Europe: Flexibility, Education, Migration, Family Legacies, and EU Policy

Are unemployment insurance systems in Europe adapting to new risks arising from non-standard employment?

Active Labour Market Policies around the World: Coping with the Consequences of Globalization

On the Marriage of Flexibility and Security: Lessons from the Hartz-reforms in Germany

How Do Institutions Affect the Labour Market Adjustment to the Economic Crisis in Different EU Countries