Jaquelin Cochran

TL;DR: In this article, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) provided a grant under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 to the Western Governors Association to enhance member states' capacity to participate in interconnection-wide transmission planning.

TL;DR: Flexibility of operation is defined as the ability of a power system to respond to change in demand and supply, and is a characteristic of all power systems as discussed by the authors, especially in twenty-first century power systems, with higher levels of grid-connected variable renewable energy (primarily, wind and solar).

TL;DR: A meta-analysis of several recent analytical studies that evaluate the possibility, operability, and implications of high levels of renewable sources of electricity (RES-E) in power systems is provided in this paper.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors document the diverse approaches to effective integration of variable renewable energy among six countries (South Australia, Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Spain, and the United States) and summarize policy best practices that energy ministers and other stakeholders can pursue to ensure that electricity markets and power systems can effectively coevolve with increasing penetrations of renewable energy.

TL;DR: The economic challenges indicate the need for advancements in several technologies and careful consideration of the suite of options that could be used to achieve equivalent carbon-reduction goals, and techno-economic feasibility analysis must also consider the host of regulatory, market, and policy issues that might limit the ability to deploy mixes of resources that are suggested by least-cost modeling exercises.