https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(12)60735-1.pdf

Correlates of physical activity: why are some people physically active and others not?

https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(16)30383-X.pdf

The economic burden of physical inactivity : a global analysis of major non-communicable diseases

Promotion of physical activity is a priority for health agencies. We searched for reviews of physical activity interventions, published between 2000 and 2011, and identifi ed eff ective, promising, or emerging interventions from around the world. The informational approaches of community-wide and mass media campaigns, and short physical activity messages targeting key community sites are recommended. Behavioural and social approaches are eff ective, introducing social support for physical activity within communities and worksites, and school-based strategies that encompass physical education, classroom activities, after-school sports, and active transport. Recommended environmental and policy approaches include creation and improvement of access to places for physical activity with informational outreach activities, community-scale and street-scale urban design and land use, active transport policy and practices, and community-wide policies and planning. Thus, many approaches lead to acceptable increases in physical activity among people of various ages, and from diff erent social groups, countries, and communities.

Physical Activity 3 Evidence-based intervention in physical activity: lessons from around the world

https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(12)60816-2.pdf

Evidence-based intervention in physical activity: lessons from around the world

https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(15)01284-2.pdf

Physical activity in relation to urban environments in 14 cities worldwide: a cross-sectional study

https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/69552/1/PIIS0140673612608988.pdf

The pandemic of physical inactivity: global action for public health

Physical inactivity is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide. We summarise present global eff orts to counteract this problem and point the way forward to address the pandemic of physical inactivity. Although evidence for the benefi ts of physical activity for health has been available since the 1950s, promotion to improve the health of populations has lagged in relation to the available evidence and has only recently developed an identifi able infrastructure, including eff orts in planning, policy, leadership and advocacy, workforce training and development, and monitoring and surveillance. The reasons for this late start are myriad, multifactorial, and complex. This infrastructure should continue to be formed, intersectoral approaches are essential to advance, and advocacy remains a key pillar. Although there is a need to build global capacity based on the present foundations, a systems approach that focuses on populations and the complex interactions among the correlates of physical inactivity, rather than solely a behavioural science approach focusing on individuals, is the way forward to increase physical activity worldwide.

/pdf/physical-activity-5-the-pandemic-of-physical-inactivity-4b7k914gdh.pdf

Physical Activity 5 The pandemic of physical inactivity: global action for public health

Islamic Ramadan is a 29–30 day fast in which food, fluids, medications, drugs and smoking are prohibited during the daylight hours which can be extended between 13 and 18 h · day−1 depending on the geographical location and season. The majority of health-specific findings related to Ramadan fasting are mixed. The likely causes for these heterogeneous findings lie in the amount of daily time of fasting, number of subjects who smoke, take oral medications, and/or receive intravenous fluids, in the type of food and eating habits and in changes in lifestyle. During Ramadan fasting, glucose homeostasis is maintained by meals taken during night time before dawn and by liver glycogen stores. Changes in serum lipids are variable and depend on the quality and quantity of food intake, physical activity and exercise, and changes in body weight. Compliant, well-controlled type II diabetics may observe Ramadan fasting, but fasting is not recommended for type I, noncompliant, poorly controlled and pregnant dia...

Jasem Ramadan Alkandari

Papers

The pandemic of physical inactivity: global action for public health

Physical Activity 5 The pandemic of physical inactivity: global action for public health

The implications of Ramadan fasting for human health and well-being