The informal economy

Idiosyncratic employment arrangements (i-deals) stand to benefit the individual employee as well as his or her employer. However, unless certain conditions apply, coworkers may respond negatively to these arrangements. We distinguish functional i-deals from their dysfunctional counterparts and highlight evidence of i-deals in previous organizational research. We develop propositions specifying both how ideals are formed and how they impact workers and coworkers. Finally, we outline the implications i-deals have for research and for managing contemporary employment relationships.

I-Deals: Idiosyncratic Terms in Employment Relationships

http://onemvweb.com/sources/sources/customer_trust_saleperson.pdf

Customer Trust in the Salesperson

Using the phenomenon of deviance by employees against the rules of the formal work organization as the behavior of interest, the differential saliences of both formal (i.e., management) and informa...

https://www.jstor.org/stable/info/4106074

Formal and Informal Social Controls of Employee Deviance

Although much of the existing research on employee sabotage and deviance focuses on the manufacturing sector, studies have also found evidence of deliberate employee misbehavior in a variety of service settings. In this study, the authors conceptualize and test a model of service sabotage dynamics that incorporates both the antecedents and the consequences of such behaviors. In doing so, the study contributes contemporary empirical evidence of factors associated with the deliberate sabotage of service by frontline customer-contact personnel. Using a survey-based approach, the authors collected data from 259 respondents from a sample of 1,000 respondents. The findings largely support the hypothesized antecedents of service sabotage and show that a range of individual characteristics, management control efforts, and perceived labor market conditions are linked with service sabotage. Furthermore, the analysis suggests that service sabotage behaviors are associated with individual and group rewards, effects for customers, and other performance measures.

Service Sabotage: A Study of Antecedents and Consequences

History lives on. The perpetual and perpetuating myth of the present is to believe that we -are liberated from the anguish of the past. On the contrary, the greatest source of history is impregnated in the mundane and everyday world of the present. The meaning of the world of work, for example, is revealed in its relationship to its past. Workers are not only, on the whole, paid as a class,1 those situated at structurally disadvantaged parts receive large segments of their wages “invisibly” - as tips or fiddles from customers, or pilferage and perks from employers. The crucial common factor in these forms of “invisible wages” is the added power which accrues to employers through their establishment. They are meaningfully located, however, not simply as archaic relics in the gradual rational liberation of the present from the feudal bond, but as forms of domination crucial to the persistence and growth of modern capitalism because of their solution to those disciplinary problems not soluble in money alone.

Perks, pilferage, and the fiddle: The historical structure of invisible wages

A lengthy period of participant observation and subsequent semi-structured interviewing in the sales department of a factory bakery showed that the bread salesmen regularly `fiddle' small amounts o...

Alibis and Aliases: Some Notes on the `Motives' of Fiddling Bread Salesmen:

A lengthy period of participation observation and subsequent semistructured interviewing among the bread salesmen in an Englishfactory bakery showed that the salesmen regularly steal small sums of money from their customers. Paradoxically, although this is clearly (and seriously) theft, the salesmen manage to sustain a def inition of the practice as trifing. This paper shows that the salesmen's adoption of systematic theft (and their definition of it as unimportant) is a rational response to a critical organisational dilemma, and that ultimately, the responsiblity for illegality lies squarely with the bakery management.

Learning to "Fiddle" Customers: An Essay on the Organised Production of Part-Time Theft

For many years the problem of the output restricter h ^ been the subject of much concerned research. It is generally accorded however, what Collit^;wood calls eristical rather than dialectical status.' I hope to show in this article, to the contrary, that rather than suggesting an 'answer' to the problem (which destroys the problem itself) analysis needs to propose a dialectic of concepts reflecting a dialectic of things. As Nettler caustically remarks:

Jason Ditton

Papers

Perks, pilferage, and the fiddle: The historical structure of invisible wages

Alibis and Aliases: Some Notes on the `Motives' of Fiddling Bread Salesmen:

Learning to "Fiddle" Customers: An Essay on the Organised Production of Part-Time Theft

Moral horror versus folk terror: output restriction, class, and the social organisation of exploitation.