자연주의적 탐구조사(Naturalistic Inquiry)

Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques

According to W. Edwards Deming, American companies require nothing less than a transformation of management style and of governmental relations with industry. In Out of the Crisis, originally published in 1982, Deming offers a theory of management based on his famous 14 Points for Management. Management's failure to plan for the future, he claims, brings about loss of market, which brings about loss of jobs. Management must be judged not only by the quarterly dividend, but by innovative plans to stay in business, protect investment, ensure future dividends, and provide more jobs through improved product and service. In simple, direct language, he explains the principles of management transformation and how to apply them.

Out of the Crisis

How have Japanese companies become world leaders in the automotive and electronics industries, among others? What is the secret of their success? Two leading Japanese business experts, Ikujiro Nonaka and Hirotaka Takeuchi, are the first to tie the success of Japanese companies to their ability to create new knowledge and use it to produce successful products and technologies. In The Knowledge-Creating Company, Nonaka and Takeuchi provide an inside look at how Japanese companies go about creating this new knowledge organizationally. The authors point out that there are two types of knowledge: explicit knowledge, contained in manuals and procedures, and tacit knowledge, learned only by experience, and communicated only indirectly, through metaphor and analogy. U.S. managers focus on explicit knowledge. The Japanese, on the other hand, focus on tacit knowledge. And this, the authors argue, is the key to their success--the Japanese have learned how to transform tacit into explicit knowledge. To explain how this is done--and illuminate Japanese business practices as they do so--the authors range from Greek philosophy to Zen Buddhism, from classical economists to modern management gurus, illustrating the theory of organizational knowledge creation with case studies drawn from such firms as Honda, Canon, Matsushita, NEC, Nissan, 3M, GE, and even the U.S. Marines. For instance, using Matsushita's development of the Home Bakery (the world's first fully automated bread-baking machine for home use), they show how tacit knowledge can be converted to explicit knowledge: when the designers couldn't perfect the dough kneading mechanism, a software programmer apprenticed herself withthe master baker at Osaka International Hotel, gained a tacit understanding of kneading, and then conveyed this information to the engineers. In addition, the authors show that, to create knowledge, the best management style is neither top-down nor bottom-up, but rather what they call "middle-up-down," in which the middle managers form a bridge between the ideals of top management and the chaotic realities of the frontline. As we make the turn into the 21st century, a new society is emerging. Peter Drucker calls it the "knowledge society," one that is drastically different from the "industrial society," and one in which acquiring and applying knowledge will become key competitive factors. Nonaka and Takeuchi go a step further, arguing that creating knowledge will become the key to sustaining a competitive advantage in the future. Because the competitive environment and customer preferences changes constantly, knowledge perishes quickly. With The Knowledge-Creating Company, managers have at their fingertips years of insight from Japanese firms that reveal how to create knowledge continuously, and how to exploit it to make successful new products, services, and systems.

The knowledge-creating company

Social Psychology of Organizations

This article is an initial step toward theorizing the erosion of cocreated value in knowledge-intensive workplaces. In doing so, our research study examines how knowledge hiding behavior instigated and promoted by organizational leaders can adversely impact the microfoundations of the organization. The current study explores knowledge hiding in the Indian test preparation industry. To conduct our research inquiry, we applied a qualitative inductive approach. We interviewed 25 employees working in the test preparation industry, and the responses were analyzed using the Gioia method, a variant of grounded theory. The findings of our study reveal how leader-signaled knowledge hiding in this industry hinders value cocreation for stakeholders through outcomes, such as reduced organizational commitment, moral decoupling, team stratification, information asymmetry, and leader-induced trust deficit. The current study synthesizes findings of the explorative research complemented by a literature review to propose a conceptual framework.

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Leader Signaled Knowledge Hiding and Erosion of Cocreated Value: Microfoundational Evidence From the Test Preparation Industry

Health of citizens in a nation is a potential indicator of its development and the job performance of personnel involved in the delivery and facilitation of healthcare dictate the status of healthc...

Promoting health in rural India: Enhancing job performance of health activists

This paper focuses on the effectiveness and efficiency of IT initiatives in rural areas where topology creates isolation to developmental activities. A village is selected for the study and information is gathered through interviews of village dwellers. These collected responses are then analyzed and a gaps model is proposed.

/pdf/a-gaps-approach-to-access-the-efficiency-and-effectiveness-24gwbbfya1.pdf

A Gaps Approach to Access the Efficiency and Effectiveness of IT-Initiatives In Rural Areas: case study of Samalta, a village in the central Himalayan Region of India

Spirituality has entered into the world of management today and is being recognized by scholars and practitioners alike. However, being a culturally sensitive construct, spirituality has had multiple interpretations. The sociocultural and religious prism of every society colours the concept into its realities. This study tries to construct spirituality as perceived by working professionals of India. India being home to many spiritual and religious traditions has its own socially construed and individually moulded conceptions of spirituality. Through in-depth interviews of 23 working professionals, this chapter brings forth the “terminal state and instrumental processes framework” for defining spirituality. This chapter also establishes a close link between religiosity and spirituality, which is in contrast with those who propose them to be very distinct concepts.

Constructing Workplace Spirituality in an Indian Context: A Study on Working Professionals


Purpose
Consumer food behavior has received considerable attention from marketers, researchers and regulators. With the rising obesity epidemic worldwide, the existing literature and previous reviews provide a limited understanding of consumers’ unhealthy food choices. To address this gap, this study aims to investigate consumer psychology for food choices in terms of mental processes and behavior.


Design/methodology/approach
This systematic literature review analyzed 84 research papers accessed from the Web of Science database and selected high-quality marketing journals. A detailed analysis identified themes arranged in an organizing framework. Gaps, limitations, convergence and ambivalent findings were noted to derive future research directions.


Findings
Major themes in the literature include food marketers’ actions (food stimuli and context), environmental influence (micro and macro) and consumer psychology and personal factors, leading to food choice related decisions. The antecedents and consequences of food choice healthiness are summarized. Several studies converged on the benefits of health motivations and goals, food literacy and customizing meals bottom-up on food choice healthiness.


Research limitations/implications
This review helps researchers gain state-of-the-art understanding on consumer psychology for food choices. It presents ambivalent and converging findings, gaps and limitations of extant research to inform researchers about issues that need to be addressed in the literature. This review presents future research questions to guide research on critical issues. This literature review contributes to marketing domain literature on consumer’s food well-being and overall well-being.


Practical implications
This review offers actionable insights for food marketers, policymakers and nongovernmental organizations to drive consumer demand for healthier foods, focusing on food labeling, food environment, message framing and raising consumer awareness.


Originality/value
This review offers current understanding of consumer psychology for food choices focusing on healthiness, an aspect lacking in previous literature reviews.


Jatin Pandey

Papers

Leader Signaled Knowledge Hiding and Erosion of Cocreated Value: Microfoundational Evidence From the Test Preparation Industry

Promoting health in rural India: Enhancing job performance of health activists

A Gaps Approach to Access the Efficiency and Effectiveness of IT-Initiatives In Rural Areas: case study of Samalta, a village in the central Himalayan Region of India

Constructing Workplace Spirituality in an Indian Context: A Study on Working Professionals

Consumer psychology for food choices: a systematic review and research directions